Hybrid immunity not protective, may worsen risk of infection
48-fold increased risk of getting a repeat Omicron infection among those who had prior Omicron infection
Large study from McMaster University Canada on vaccinated older adults, includes immune response details👇
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Study was done from July to September 2022, when Canada was going through a 2nd Omicron wave. They wanted to find out who was at greater risk of getting a 2nd omicron infection. Surprisingly, authors found that those who had prior omicron infection where are FAR GREATER risk.
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The value of the study is that they meticulously measured antibody and T cell response of a large no. of older adults. They did not find any relation with age, frailty or comorbidity.
The paper must be kept as a reference on how immune systems work in older people.
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They found that immune response was not the same among all participants. Authors argue that lower antibody levels might be a reason for getting reinfected. It is not due to underlying immunosuppression, they find.
Dengue virus infects lab cells more easily in the presence of antibodies generated after COVID-19
2 types of cells K562 & U937 were used, findings compared with control serum.
Evidence of ADE (antibody dependent enhancement) of Dengue, facilitated by SARS-CoV2 antibodies.
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ADE is well-known in dengue👇
Dengue virus has 4 serotypes.
Instead of being protective, antibodies generated against one serotype paradoxically worsens the next bout of dengue by another serotype.
It has also been implicated in a few other viruses such as RSV, HIV.
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ADE occurs when the existing antibodies attach to Fc receptors of immune cells, enabling easy entry of virus inside these cells. This provides a free pass for the virus.
It is like our own soldiers lowering a a ladder to our own fortress, so that enemy soldiers can climb in.
Enjoyed being invited to this fun podcast mainly about immunology related to COVID vaccination without jargon, adding some of the latest research summaries.