Rajeev Jayadevan Profile picture
Nov 15 5 tweets 3 min read Twitter logo Read on Twitter
Hybrid immunity not protective, may worsen risk of infection

48-fold increased risk of getting a repeat Omicron infection among those who had prior Omicron infection

Large study from McMaster University Canada on vaccinated older adults, includes immune response details👇

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Study was done from July to September 2022, when Canada was going through a 2nd Omicron wave. They wanted to find out who was at greater risk of getting a 2nd omicron infection. Surprisingly, authors found that those who had prior omicron infection where are FAR GREATER risk.

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The value of the study is that they meticulously measured antibody and T cell response of a large no. of older adults. They did not find any relation with age, frailty or comorbidity.

The paper must be kept as a reference on how immune systems work in older people.

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They found that immune response was not the same among all participants. Authors argue that lower antibody levels might be a reason for getting reinfected. It is not due to underlying immunosuppression, they find.

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thelancet.com/journals/eclin…
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Although done in older adults, the study challenges the existing dogma that hybrid immunity is the way out of the pandemic.

More infections do not mean better immunity.

❗️The study also shows that time since last dose of vaccine did not affect infection risk.

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More from @RajeevJayadevan

Oct 20
Dengue virus infects lab cells more easily in the presence of antibodies generated after COVID-19

2 types of cells K562 & U937 were used, findings compared with control serum.

Evidence of ADE (antibody dependent enhancement) of Dengue, facilitated by SARS-CoV2 antibodies.

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ADE is well-known in dengue👇

Dengue virus has 4 serotypes.

Instead of being protective, antibodies generated against one serotype paradoxically worsens the next bout of dengue by another serotype.

It has also been implicated in a few other viruses such as RSV, HIV.

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ADE occurs when the existing antibodies attach to Fc receptors of immune cells, enabling easy entry of virus inside these cells. This provides a free pass for the virus.

It is like our own soldiers lowering a a ladder to our own fortress, so that enemy soldiers can climb in.

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Read 10 tweets
Jun 9
Enjoyed being invited to this fun podcast mainly about immunology related to COVID vaccination without jargon, adding some of the latest research summaries.

With @alexmeshkin @TakeWeightOffMD @julesannenphd

Immunology discussion starts at 10 min

podcasts.apple.com/in/podcast/har… Image
Linking a few relevant studies in the context of the podcast

1. The Columbia University Study on Bivalent vaccines
Read 8 tweets
Jun 7
Abnormal brain function found in Long COVID patients with cognitive impairment

Italy study compared multiple parameters with healthy controls

TLDR: Brain has delicately balanced excitatory and inhibitory circuitry. This was disrupted in Long COVID, but not in controls.

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Link to paper

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…

Thanks @THAILANDMEDICA1 for noticing this study

See thread below

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In the study, 10 patients were compared with 16 controls. These are non-hospitalised patients with cognitive impairment for over three months.

Clinical, cognitive neuropsychiatric, neuro physiological assessment including trans-cranial magnetic stimulation was done.

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Read 5 tweets
Jun 4
Omicron can reinfect in 16 days.

Thrice-vaccinated healthy 52 year-old man gets two separate infections by BA.1.1 and BA.2.

Symptoms lasted 6 and 7 days.

Reinfection used to be considered impossible/unlikely if anyone tested positive within 90 days.

Times have changed.

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1 out of 7 reinfections occur under 2 months: CDC

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Read 5 tweets
May 19
Role of genes in critical COVID

Article headline can be misleading however, suggesting that “being born with bad genes is the reason for COVID deaths”

The problem is that genes are assumed to be like “fingerprints” by most people.

That’s not true. See detailed thread.

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This study was done on people who had critical Covid, predominantly in the pre-vaccine era.

Using GWAS, authors found that the expression of certain genes was greater in people who had more severe disease.

nature.com/articles/s4158…

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First, let us look at what a gene is, and what it does.

A gene is a segment of DNA that contains instructions for the functioning and building of various body cells, tissues and organs.

Rather than being a rigid blueprint, it works more like the conductor of an orchestra.

3/
Read 15 tweets
May 18
XBB was born in summer 2022 by recombination

This is a landmark event in the pandemic

Until now, variants used individual mutations

But XBB was born from “marriage” of two different viruses, getting a massive advantage at one shot

It is now replacing earlier Omicrons

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This graph shows the relative growth difference between XBB and other Covid variants. See annotations.

These are lab studies, and need not represent human disease.

However, indications are that XBB.1 has the same disease severity as BA.2.75.

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XBB can escape from all existing vaccines, including bivalent ones

See the 19 to 41-fold decrease in effectiveness of vaccine against XBB.1 compared to original strain

This means antibodies generated by these vaccines are less affective against XBB, compared with old virus.

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Read 6 tweets

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