Nick Touran Profile picture
Nov 18, 2023 7 tweets 3 min read Read on X
How can you leverage nuclear energy to propel vehicles? In 1963, the US Army knew direct nuclear plants would be too heavy for normal vehicles, and very large vehicles would have "serious tactical disadvantages"...
Image
Image
And so the Army focused on 'the energy depot' concept, where a nuclear reactor and associated equipment would be used to manufacture chemical fuels from elements universally available in air and water. (kinda like what @isaiah_p_taylorv just announced with Valar Atomics).


Image
Image
Image
Image
Or, the reactor could charge batteries Image
One mobile reactor could produce the same mileage in the vehicles as 2 million lbs of gasoline Image
All this was supposed to come from the Military Compact Reactor, which was supposed to be the successor of the famous truck-mounted ML-1 reactor. But the MCR never came to fruition. Though it worked fine, the ML-1 was considered simply too expensive to continue 😢. Image
(This whole sequence starts around 18:50 in the 1963 Army Nuclear Power Program film: )
Meant to tag @isaiah_p_taylor above sorry.

• • •

Missing some Tweet in this thread? You can try to force a refresh
 

Keep Current with Nick Touran

Nick Touran Profile picture

Stay in touch and get notified when new unrolls are available from this author!

Read all threads

This Thread may be Removed Anytime!

PDF

Twitter may remove this content at anytime! Save it as PDF for later use!

Try unrolling a thread yourself!

how to unroll video
  1. Follow @ThreadReaderApp to mention us!

  2. From a Twitter thread mention us with a keyword "unroll"
@threadreaderapp unroll

Practice here first or read more on our help page!

More from @whatisnuclear

Sep 4
If you want high power density nuclear reactors in zero gravity, you need efficient heat transfer. Boiling liquid metal is about as good as you can get. Here are some boiler tube geometries studied by Pratt & Whitney in 1964 (a 🧵). First up: the serpentine tube. https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015095035997&seq=15&view=1up
The twisted ribbon insert tube Image
The perforated twisted ribbon insert tube Image
Read 7 tweets
Aug 30
Do you prefer advanced nuclear reactor designs because they’re newer and better than the old-fashioned ones that make up today’s fleet? Then buckle up, you’re in for a surprise! A 🧵 on the weird way that advanced nuclear today is actually a “Back to the Past” story... Image
High temperature gas-cooled reactors were first conceived in 1944, and then developed by the Europeans in a multinational collaboration that resulted in the Dragon reactor in the UK. It went critical in 1964. This program developed the beloved coated microsphere fuel (TRISO) and everything. Many other HTGRs followed, such ML-1, Peach Bottom, AVR, Ft. St. Vrain, THTR-300. Today, the HTTR, HTR-10, HTR-PM are all operational outside the US (Japan and China). China has 2 6-packs of them under construction.Image
Image
Liquid metal cooled reactors are even older. The first (substantial) electricity was produced by the sodium-potassium eutectic cooled EBR-1 (aka "Zinn's infernal pile") in 1951! After that, the world built about 25 sodium-cooled fast reactors, 3 sodium-cooled/graphite ones, and about 10 lead-cooled beryllium moderated naval reactors. China, Russia, and India have operational sodium-cooled reactors today, and Japan is working to turn its JOYO back on.Image
Image
Read 11 tweets
Aug 7
A nuclear reactor on the moon!? Yes, this is a great idea, and totally doable!

You need lots of power on the moon for people to live there full-time. They need heat, closed-cycle life support, and oxygen from oxides in the soil or ice. Here's a nuclear-powered lunar base 🧵 https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19900005714
The habitat might be a 16 m inflatable ball with 1 meter of radiation shielding. You need shielding from cosmic rays and solar flares anyway, and yes it helps with the reactor radiation too. Image
There are many reactor types, some higher TRL than others. Here's the SP-100 concept, a 900 kWe system that couples enriched lithium liquid metal coolant to a bunch of Stirling engines Image
Read 8 tweets
May 23
Everyone says nuclear power is over-regulated. With word of the big nuclear EOs looming, I spent a few weeks talking to people in the nuclear industry to find out which reforms they thought would be most helpful, and which they were nervous about. Here are the top 12 (a🧵...)
1:🌳Keep fixing NEPA. We should default to Environmental Assessments instead of Environmental Impact Statements on sites with previous or generic EIS from within the last ~10 years, and for low-risk reactors. We should accelerate the ongoing implementation of the Fiscal Responsibility Act, and remove/reduce the need for power and alternates analyses sections for any reactor.

Specifically, someone could ask the NRC staff to proceed with rulemaking to update/modernize 10 CFR Part 51. Overlaps nicely with ongoing work to implement FRA. See SECY-24-0046. Remove the requirement in 10 CFR 51.20 to require an environmental impact statement for nuclear power plant applications and power uprates. Provide allowance for categorical exclusions for advanced reactors and power uprates in 10 CFR 51.22. In lieu of categorical exclusions, allow for environmental assessment for first-of-a-kind facilities in 10 CFR 51.21 and a categorical exclusion for nth-of-a-kind facilities and power uprates in 10 CFR 51.22.Image
2: 📈Increase NRC staffing focused on new reactor licensing. The nuclear ecosystem is thriving, and dozens of new applicants are expected to hit the NRC soon. Staff has to be there in order to perform the reviews. I’d say this was the biggest and most common concern from across the nuclear industry.

While doing so, it's important to continue the positive implementation of cultural changes brought in by the ADVANCE act and related legislation. The NRC is there to ensure that the numerous benefits we can get from nuclear power are achieved safely.Image
Read 15 tweets
May 11
Crazy story: in the early 1990s, the USA purchased 6 TOPAZ-II space nuclear reactors from the USSR/Russia and flew them to New Mexico for testing. These reactors had thermionic cells around each of their 37 fuel pins: "Thermionic Fuel Element"! (a 🧵...) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/234197135_TOPAZ_2_system_description
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/234197135_TOPAZ_2_system_description
The 115 kWt reactors used 93% enriched annular UO₂ fuel elements, which transferred heat through a cesium gap, converting about 5% of the heat to electricity. Outside each pin, they had electromagnetically-pumped liquid metal sodium-potassium eutectic coolant. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/234197135_TOPAZ_2_system_description
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/234197135_TOPAZ_2_system_description
The pins were dispersed in a ZrH₁.₈₅ moderator. There were beryllium reflectors and beryllium control drums, each with a 116° strip of boron absorber. They had LiH radiation shielding. The reactors consumed 0.5 g of Cesium per day. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/234197135_TOPAZ_2_system_description
Read 8 tweets
Nov 21, 2024
Let's talk shielding of microreactors. Here's an operable 3.3 MWt nuclear microreactor on a flatbed (the ML-1). a 🧵 Image
Looking inside that tank, we see numerous shield structures surrounding the core. 2 inches of lead, 'shield solution', more lead, and 2 feet of 2% borated water. Optimization suggested putting 3" of tungsten in there with the lead. Image
Numerous combinations of internal shields were considered. The challenge in shielding is that you have to stop all energies of gammas and neutrons. Image
Read 13 tweets

Did Thread Reader help you today?

Support us! We are indie developers!


This site is made by just two indie developers on a laptop doing marketing, support and development! Read more about the story.

Become a Premium Member ($3/month or $30/year) and get exclusive features!

Become Premium

Don't want to be a Premium member but still want to support us?

Make a small donation by buying us coffee ($5) or help with server cost ($10)

Donate via Paypal

Or Donate anonymously using crypto!

Ethereum

0xfe58350B80634f60Fa6Dc149a72b4DFbc17D341E copy

Bitcoin

3ATGMxNzCUFzxpMCHL5sWSt4DVtS8UqXpi copy

Thank you for your support!

Follow Us!

:(