Dr. Sean Mullen Profile picture
Dec 2, 2023 4 tweets 5 min read Read on X
I asked ChatGPT to predict the future based on a novel virus that parallels the outcomes associated with SARS-CoV-2 (but I omitted the name to avoid misinformation). Remember, GPT aced medical exams and there are only a handful of people who’ve been screaming from the rooftops about these possibilities…

Here’s DrHouseGPT’s 🔮 thoughts:

Given the scenario where the novel virus has significantly compromised immune systems, similar to severe immunodeficiency disorders, several specific infections might emerge or re-emerge. Here's a list of potential infections to watch out for:
Respiratory Infections:
•Bacterial Pneumonias: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Staphylococcus aureus could cause more severe infections.
•Viral Respiratory Infections: Influenza, parainfluenza, and other common respiratory viruses could lead to more complications.
Opportunistic Infections:
•Fungal Infections: Candidiasis and Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP), particularly in severely immunocompromised individuals.
•Mycobacterial Infections: Tuberculosis and non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections could see a significant rise.
Gastrointestinal Infections:
•Bacterial infections like Salmonella, Shigella, and Campylobacter, which can cause severe gastroenteritis.
•Viral infections like Norovirus, which might lead to more severe and prolonged symptoms.
Neurological Infections:
•Viruses such as West Nile Virus or enteroviruses could cause more severe encephalitis or meningitis.
•Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a rare brain infection caused by the JC virus, could occur in severely immunosuppressed individuals.
Skin and Soft Tissue Infections:
•Increased incidence of severe skin infections caused by common bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus (including MRSA) or Streptococcus pyogenes.
Reactivation of Latent Viruses:
•Herpesviruses, including cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and Varicella-zoster virus (VZV), could reactivate and cause severe disease.
Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs):
•Higher susceptibility and severity of STIs, including HIV, syphilis, and herpes simplex virus.
Parasitic Infections:
•Toxoplasmosis and other parasitic infections might become more common, especially in regions where they are endemic.
In addition to these infections, there could be a general increase in the severity and duration of typically self-limiting or minor infections. It's crucial in this scenario to enhance surveillance, infection control, and public health measures to mitigate the impact of these infections.
Then I asked it:

This is an incredibly horrible scenario DrHouseGPT. Can you tell me what the best mitigations should be in this scenario if we know this novel virus is principally transmitted through aerosolized particulates? Is seems to infect people in the air within as little as 2 minutes of exposure. What could we possibly do to stop this thing and prevent what feels like an extinction level event?

Response:

In a scenario with a highly contagious virus transmitted through aerosolized particles with such a rapid rate of infection, aggressive and multi-faceted mitigation strategies are essential to prevent what could indeed be a catastrophic public health crisis. Here are the key strategies:

Universal Masking: Mandate high-quality masks (N95, KN95, or FFP2/3 standards) in all public spaces, especially indoors and in crowded areas. This would significantly reduce the transmission of aerosolized particles.
Enhanced Ventilation and Air Filtration: Upgrade ventilation systems in buildings to include HEPA filters. Encourage outdoor activities over indoor gatherings. Portable air purifiers can also be used in settings where ventilation upgrades are not feasible.
Rapid and Widespread Testing: Implement widespread testing with rapid turnaround times to quickly identify and isolate infected individuals. Regular testing in schools, workplaces, and other high-density areas can help in early detection.
Contact Tracing and Quarantine Protocols: Efficient contact tracing and strict quarantine measures for those exposed to the virus are critical to contain outbreaks.
Vaccine Development and Distribution: Fast-track the development and distribution of an effective vaccine against the virus. Ensure global access to vaccination, particularly in high-risk areas.
Public Education Campaigns: Educate the public on the seriousness of the virus, modes of transmission, and the importance of following public health guidelines.
Travel Restrictions and Screening: Implement travel restrictions or mandatory quarantine for travelers from high-risk areas. Increase screening procedures at entry points like airports and train stations.
Personal Hygiene Measures: Promote rigorous personal hygiene practices, including frequent handwashing and use of hand sanitizers, especially in public places.
Social Distancing Measures: Implement social distancing in public spaces, workplaces, and schools to reduce close contact and potential transmission.
Research and Development: Invest in research to understand the virus better, including its mutations, and develop effective treatments.
Healthcare System Strengthening: Increase the capacity of healthcare systems to handle a surge in patients, including more hospital beds, ventilators, and trained healthcare workers.
Global Cooperation: Foster global cooperation for sharing resources, information, and best practices to combat the virus effectively.
This approach combines public health measures, scientific research, and community engagement. Swift and decisive action, along with international collaboration, would be key to preventing an extinction-level event.
Upon request by a few folks in this thread, I prompted it to tell me how much time we might have left…

Timeline Estimation: Estimating a specific timeline like 5 years or a decade for human survival under these conditions is speculative. However, without effective mitigation and in the presence of a continuously spreading lethal virus, the situation could become critical within a few years. The impact would not only be in terms of direct mortality from the virus but also from the collapse of healthcare systems, disruption of supply chains, and breakdown of societal structures.
Me: Can you help me explain the psychology of humans while this is happening and dissect the barriers they might have connecting science with reality? For example, how could we get more people to see each independent outbreak as connected to the mass immune system deficiencies?

DrHouseGPT: Understanding the psychology behind human responses to widespread health crises and the challenges in connecting scientific understanding with public perception is a complex but crucial aspect of managing such situations. Here are some key psychological factors and strategies for bridging the gap between science and public perception:

1. **Cognitive Dissonance**: People often experience discomfort when new information conflicts with their existing beliefs. This can lead to denial or rejection of scientific facts that are perceived as threatening.

2. **Confirmation Bias**: Individuals tend to favor information that confirms their preconceptions, regardless of whether the information is true. This can make it difficult to accept new scientific findings that contradict their beliefs.

3. **Information Overload**: In the digital age, people are bombarded with information, including misinformation. This overload can lead to confusion and difficulty discerning reliable information.

4. **Emotional Responses**: Fear, anxiety, and grief can overpower rational thought, leading to impulsive decisions or resistance to changing behavior based on scientific advice.

5. **Distrust in Authorities**: Mistrust in governmental or scientific institutions can lead to skepticism about public health messages and scientific data.

To address these barriers and help people connect outbreaks to the broader issue of immune system deficiencies, consider the following strategies:

- **Clear and Consistent Communication**: Use clear, understandable language to explain scientific concepts. Consistency in messaging is key to building trust and understanding.

- **Engage Trusted Community Leaders**: People often trust information from community or religious leaders, local healthcare providers, or peers more than distant authorities. Engaging these leaders in disseminating information can be effective.

- **Tailor Messaging**: Different groups may need different messaging strategies. Tailoring messages to resonate with specific audiences can increase their effectiveness.

- **Address Misinformation**: Actively combat misinformation by providing factual, science-based information and debunking false claims.

- **Use of Analogies and Stories**: People relate better to stories and analogies than to abstract concepts. Using them to explain the interconnectedness of outbreaks and immune deficiencies can be powerful.

- **Highlight Personal Impact**: Show how the issue directly affects individuals and their communities. Personal stories of those affected can be more impactful than statistics.

- **Empathy and Understanding**: Recognize the emotional and psychological states of your audience. Messages that acknowledge their fears and concerns can be more effective than those that simply present facts.

- **Involve the Public in Solutions**: Engaging the public in discussions about solutions can make them feel part of the process and more likely to accept scientific realities.

Ultimately, the goal is to create a narrative that connects with people's experiences, values, and emotions, while steadily providing accurate, science-based information. This requires a multi-faceted approach that considers the diverse psychological factors at play.

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More from @drseanmullen

Jan 1
“Survival of the fittest” never meant the strongest bodies.

Darwin argued that mental faculties, judgment, habit, and behavioral flexibility evolved under selection just as surely as muscle or bone.

Fitness meant adapting to changing conditions, not denying they exist.

/1 🧵
From The Descent of Man, Vol. I, Chapter III:

“The development of the intellectual faculties has been of the highest importance to man.”

Darwin, C. (1871). The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex (Vol. 1, p. 98). London: John Murray.

/2 🧵
Same work, same chapter:

“No doubt the intellectual powers are of the highest importance to man in enabling him to invent and use language, to make weapons, tools, traps, &c., whereby he has long since become the most dominant of all living creatures.”

Citation:
Darwin, C. (1871). The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex (Vol. 1, p. 109). London: John Murray.

/3 🧵
Read 5 tweets
Dec 17, 2025
I never thought I’d be writing this.

After years of advocating for clean air and protecting kids during an ONGOING PANDEMIC, my daughter’s high school is trying to ban masks.

My kid is a freshman.
Illinois Section 2A tennis champion and state qualifier.
Healthy. Driven. Focused.
All As.

And her school wants to take away her right to protect herself from a virus known to cause brain damage, vascular injury, immune dysfunction, and Long Covid.

Let that sink in.

On January 26, @Unit4Schools plans to enforce a #MaskBan.

This is not about politics.
This is about bodily autonomy.
This is about disability discrimination.
This is about children’s rights.

If you think this ends quietly, you are mistaken.

@ACLU
@Liesl4CleanAir
@luckytran

📄 Receipts + documentation:
👇

Share this. Screenshot it. Tag people.
Because kids deserve clean air in school.

docs.google.com/document/d/1Wa…
No student should need a doctor’s note or a diagnosis to protect their lungs, brain, and immune system during an ongoing airborne pandemic.

Wearing a respirator is not a “special accommodation.”
It is a basic human right.

Clean air is not a privilege.
Protection is not a medical exemption.
And prevention should never require permission.

Making masking “medical only” has serious implications.

FERPA places strict limits on who may access medical or disability-related information—and for what purpose.

Policies that require students to justify protective behavior with medical documentation risk coerced disclosure of private health information, especially if enforcement involves non-medical staff or law enforcement.

That is not neutral policy.
That is a privacy and civil rights problem.
This was the beginning of the doc that no longer seems to be available. If you want to write & inform them of the science & consequences of airborne pathogens, impact on children, efficacy of respirators & the importance of clean air as a human right, contact: gardnemo@u4sd.org Image
Read 4 tweets
Dec 16, 2025
🧵 Another Year in Review: What Still Hasn’t Happened for Long COVID

Another year has passed.
Not a breakthrough year.
Not a reckoning year.
A stalling year.

Another year where Long COVID exists everywhere in lived reality and almost nowhere in systems that matter.

We’ve had a flood of papers on biomarkers.
Promising headlines.
Colorful heat maps.
Elegant omics.

And yet, most of these studies are not predictive.
They are descriptive.
They characterize who showed up to a study, often late, often filtered, often already narrowed by survival, access, and persistence.

Correlation dressed up as foresight.
Classification mistaken for causation.
A thousand papers telling us what Long COVID looks like and almost none telling us what to do about it.

We are still confusing signal detection with clinical utility.

We are still publishing “may suggest,” “could indicate,” “associated with,” while patients are deciding whether to shower or eat on any given day.
Drug trials are happening. Slowly.
Painfully slowly.

And many of them quietly exclude the people who have been sick the longest.

First-wavers.
Those infected before vaccines, before variants were named and sequenced.
The people whose biology has been marinating in viral persistence, immune dysregulation, endothelial damage, autonomic chaos for years.

They are “too complex.”
“Too heterogeneous.”
“Too confounded.”

In other words: inconvenient.

So trials skew toward those with shorter duration illness, cleaner timelines, fewer comorbidities, better documentation.
Which makes the results easier to publish.
And less representative of reality.
We’ve seen the dog-and-pony shows.

High-profile initiatives.
Big announcements.
Task forces.
Centers.
Logos.

Dust kicked up.
Cameras rolling.

Then silence.

Websites that stop updating.
Emails that stop getting answered.
Clinics quietly closing or narrowing scope.
Patients being told, again, that there’s “nothing more we can do.”
Read 9 tweets
Nov 14, 2025
1/5 🧵
🎙️ Just delivered “Herd Immunity to BS: Building Resilience to Misinformation in the AI Age.”

Small crowd.
Big topic.
Essential conversation.

Finally got a photo with Dr. Rachel Hoopsick — one of the sharpest voices in our field.

My talk covered:
• How exercise really affects immunity
• Why misinformation spreads faster than pathogens
• What Long COVID + chronic disease data actually show
• Why clean air > hand sanitizer
• And how to build your “immune system” for nonsense in the age of AI

Dropping the full script below — and I’ll be sharing my Living Library next: a public archive of all the receipts, references, and evidence showing how we got here.

If you’re tired of spin, vibes, and post-pandemic amnesia… Stay tuned.

👇 Script:Image
2/5
🎙️ “Herd Immunity to BS”
Full Presentation Script (≈45–50 min talk + Q&A)

🎬 ACT 1 – Framing & Exercise + Immunity (≈15 min)
[TITLE SCREEN]
Before we begin, I want to prepare you for something. Some of what I’m about to say may sound provocative — maybe even shocking.
My goal isn’t to alarm you, but to wake something up in you: your curiosity, your skepticism, your desire for truth, and your instinct to protect yourself and others with knowledge.
I hope that’s why you’re here — in this graduate program, in the College of Applied Health Sciences, in the Department of Health and Kinesiology.
We live in an era of herd immunity to facts.
Emotionally charged claims in algorithmic feeds often travel farther and faster than sober updates and corrections. Every one of us has been exposed.
So if at any point today you feel that internal tuning-fork buzz of disbelief — good. That’s your critical-thinking reflex firing.
I’ll be talking about exercise, immunity, chronic disease, misinformation — and yes, about COVID — the Voldemort of this era.
The pandemic isn’t over. By definition it remains global, unpredictable, and ongoing until transmission stops — not when our attention span does.
Emergency declarations ended. Attention spans ended. But the pandemic never did.
The result? A Stranger Things-style rip in the world. We live in the Upside Down.
Today, I’m going to try to flip your world upright.
(Click “Begin Interactive Presentation.”)

[FOUNDATION → Definitions / About / Lab Intro]
Many of you know me for behavior-change and digital-health research.
Since 2020, I’ve also become an unwilling science translator — summarizing hundreds of studies on COVID’s long-term effects because I couldn’t stand the gap between what we know and what people are told.
I’ve used AI not as a gimmick but as a public-health amplifier — turning complexity into clarity.
And what I’ve learned is that the biggest health crisis we face isn’t just viral. It’s informational.

[FOUNDATION → Understanding Information Disorders]
The Council of Europe calls these information disorders — systemic disturbances in the information ecosystem.
Wardle & Derakhshan (2017) describe three types:
Misinformation: false but not meant to harm
Disinformation: false and intended to deceive
Malinformation: true facts used to harm
Think of it as a public-cognitive imbalance, not a clinical disorder.
Across 57 studies, prevalence of health misinformation ranged from <1 % to ~87 %, depending on platform and topic (Wang 2019; Suárez-Lledó 2021).
Reviews of YouTube content show 20–30 % of videos about emerging infectious diseases contain misleading information.
And in the classic Science paper by Vosoughi et al. (2018) — using political data, not health — falsehoods were 70 % more likely to be retweeted, and truth took six times longer to reach the same number of people.
Platform analyses since then show ≈ 89 % of engagement concentrated in the top 1 % of false-post activity (Pierri 2023; Ceylan 2023).
⚠️ Real-World Consequences
• Roughly 40–44 million Americans have experienced Long COVID (CDC Pulse 2024; Heun-Johnson 2025).
• Preventable deaths and chronic illness burdens followed delayed treatment and policy minimization.
• Healthcare systems remain strained by preventable illness and burnout.

[FOUNDATION → Health Misinformation / PA Misinfo (JMIR Findings)]
Our lab’s JMIR Infodemiology study analyzed physical-activity misinformation online.
Even in a field built on evidence, we recycle myths like folklore — and sometimes we teach them.
3/5
Take the phrase: “Exercise boosts the immune system.”
It sounds right, it feels right, it’s in textbooks — but it’s wrong, or dangerously oversimplified.
Exercise doesn’t boost immunity; it tunes it.
Too little, and it’s off-key. Too much, and the string snaps.
The right dose keeps the immune response balanced and resilient — but it doesn’t prevent infection.
That’s why even elite athletes have been sidelined by SARS-CoV-2: myocarditis, brain fog, dysautonomia.

[FOUNDATION → Reality Check / PA Guidelines]
Here’s a reality check: less than half of kinesiology majors can correctly state the adult PA guidelines.
Even experts in our field don’t always practice what they preach.
We say we’re interdisciplinary, but we live in silos.
We can’t fix public health if we ignore the physics of airborne spread or the psychology of misinformation.

[FOUNDATION → Disunderstanding / Herd Immunity Concept]
“Disunderstanding” means the confident misunderstanding that spreads faster than facts.
Our field is full of it. We tell people to wash their hands for an airborne virus and pretend clean air is optional.
Ignaz Semmelweis was ostracized for telling doctors to wash hands between patients.
Today we ostracize scientists who remind us pathogens move through air.
History doesn’t repeat — it rhymes, and the rhyme scheme is ignorance.
Before we talk about behavior change or digital health, we have to repair our relationship with truth.
We’ve trained our bodies better than our bullshit detectors. But we can retrain them.
That’s what today is about — rebuilding immunity to misinformation in the AI age.
Read 5 tweets
Oct 29, 2025
🧵 In science and medicine, honesty about one’s credentials isn’t just good ethics — it’s essential to public trust.

The line between “student,” “medical doctor,” and “researcher” exists for a reason: people rely on these labels to decide whose advice could affect their health.
Imagine someone trained as a veterinarian speaking about human cardiology and letting others call them “doctor.”

They are a doctor — but of animals. The training, licensure, and legal responsibilities are completely different. Titles mean something because lives depend on them.
For instance, in Ireland’s Royal College of Surgeons (RCSI), there are two main paths to becoming a physician:
•Undergraduate entry: a 5–6 year program starting right after secondary school.
•Graduate Entry Programme (GEP): a 4-year fast-track route, but only for people who already hold a bachelor’s degree.

So if someone graduated high school in, say, 2008, they couldn’t possibly have “finished” the medical program by 2010 unless time travel was part of the curriculum. You probably shouldn’t call yourself a “Jr Doctor” either eh?
Read 9 tweets
Oct 14, 2025
“We may be witnessing the emergence of a population-level acquired immune deficiency — not sexually transmitted, but airborne.”

That line isn’t from a tweet. It’s from a peer-reviewed paper in AJPM Focus (2025).

A short thread 🧵 on why this framing matters 👇
“Calling SARS-CoV-2 ‘Airborne AIDS’ is biologically imprecise but epidemiologically instructive — it conveys that repeated infections can progressively undermine immune competence across large populations.”
“Multiple studies now demonstrate persistent T-cell dysregulation, exhaustion, and reduced proliferative capacity months after infection — changes that mirror key features of chronic HIV infection.”
Read 7 tweets

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