Michael Foran Profile picture
Dec 29 33 tweets 11 min read Read on X
This has been a crazy year for me so I thought I'd do a round-up of publications, starting with the blog post that was technically from last year but which kicked the whole thing off. Here I floated the possibility of a s35 Order to block the GRR Bill:

ukconstitutionallaw.org/2022/12/21/mic…
That made for a very hectic Christmas this time last year with radio appearances and publications in the Times, Unherd, and Holyrood:





thetimes.co.uk/article/uk-gov…
unherd.com/thepost/why-sc…
holyrood.com/comment/view,w…
In January, I published a long-form policy paper setting out the case for making a s 35 Order, with a forward by Lord Keen, former Advocate General for Scotland:

policyexchange.org.uk/publication/th…
A few days later, Alistair Jack, the Secretary of State for Scotland made the Order. In interviews about a potential legal challenge from the Scottish government, two former Supreme Court judges, Lord Hope and Lord Sumption expressed serious doubts about the likelihood of success
I was then invited to give evidence before the Women and Equalities Select Committee with Naomi Cunningham, Lord Charlie Falconer, and Robin Moira White. You can watch the full thing here:

parliamentlive.tv/event/index/51…
In February I wrote a response to solicitor Gwyneth King, who specialises in the law relating to welfare benefits. She wrote a piece setting out some facts on equality law, almost all of which were incorrect. My response: .scottishlegal.com/articles/micha…
April started off with a piece commenting on the EHRC letter to Kemi Badenoch advising ministers to carefully consider clarifying the meaning of the protected characteristic of 'sex' in the Equality Act 2010:

thecritic.co.uk/ministers-must…
A chapter for aa book with @yuanyi_z and @richardmarcj on the Changing Constitution was published. I argue that the Human Rights Act failed to provide the kind of concrete policy development of rights that legislation like the Equality Act does:

bloomsbury.com/uk/sceptical-p…
On the same day, I published a short comment discussing the released text of the Scottish government's petition to judicially review the s35 Order. I thought some of the arguments were strange:

scottishlegal.com/articles/micha…
In May, things kicked off politically when a comedy club, The Stand, unlawfully discriminated against @joannaccherry by cancelling her appearance due to the discriminatory views of its employees. I wrote that this is no justification:

holyrood.com/comment/view,c…
Back to academic publications. Later that month a paper I co-wrote with the excellent @Caseyco231 on unwritten principles of constitutional justice was published in the Supreme Court Law Review, available here:

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
June saw a lively debate between me and Robin Moira White. It began with my publication of a piece in @ScottishLegal about two important cases on the horizon for sex, gender and the law; one on the s35 challenge and one on the @ForWomenScot appeal:

scottishlegal.com/articles/micha…
Robin responded, beginning by hurling some mud in the form of ad hominem attacks, claiming that I analyse the law from a political standpoint and warning readers that I am known for my work with right-wing think tanks and 'anti-trans' campaign groups:

scottishlegal.com/articles/robin…
I responded, sticking to the law but criticising Robin for selectively quoting cases, cutting sentences to distort their meaning, and omitting centrally important judicial statements to give the impression that the law says something that it doesn't:

scottishlegal.com/articles/micha…
Robin did not respond.

Later in June I published an article on Irish constitutional law, looking at the law relating to citizenship:

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
In July I wrote a piece explaining why The Good Law Project and Mermaids lost their attempt to get @AllianceLGB struck off the charities register. In short, they had no standing.

thecritic.co.uk/why-mermaids-l…
Later that month, I published another piece on the anticipated gender guidance for schools, setting out the legal framework and some considerations that the government was likely dealing with:

thecritic.co.uk/on-protecting-…
In August, I published a short piece setting out some of the legal considerations that would be relevant for any proposed conversion therapy ban, if it sought to cover both sexual orientation and gender identity:

thecritic.co.uk/a-bill-must-be…
That month, I also co-founded a substance @thenewdigest looking at classical legal theory and its relationship with contemporary constitutional challenges:

thenewdigest.substack.com
Image
As a part of that, I kicked things off with a Note on legal definitions, with a particular focus on the definition of 'sex' in law:

thenewdigest.substack.com/p/a-note-on-le…
Image
In September, I co-authored a piece with Naomi Cunningham for @legalfeminist on the freedom to manifest protected beliefs against the backdrop of Jo Grady, General Sec for UCU misstating the law in her official communication to members:

legalfeminist.org.uk/2023/09/14/the…
Another academic publication; this time on the rule of law and the environmental emergency. I argued that liberal constitutionalism, when conceiving of the rule of law, does not have the resources needed to tackle to climate crisis:
papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
Sticking with that theme, I then published a short blog post in @thenewdigest on Peace, Justice and the Rule of Law, arguing that one must focus on constitutional goods such a peace, health, the elimination of poverty, if law is to achieve justice:

thenewdigest.substack.com/p/justice-peac…
Image
In November, the Court of Session gave judgment in For Women Scotland 3. I wrote a short piece explaining the judgment, which has since been woefully misinterpreted by activists:

unherd.com/thepost/scotti…
December has been a very busy month so far, but I'm running out of space in one thread so will pick up below with December and what to expect in 2024.
December started with a paper I co-wrote with a good friend, Khomotso Moshikaro on the virtues & vices of scholarly activism. What are the ethical considerations that academics should be aware of when their work might have impact on society?

papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
From here things really kicked off as the Lady Haldane delivered another impactful December judgement, this time in the s35 judicial review. I wrote a quick piece explaining the decision:

unherd.com/thepost/scotla…
I also wrote a much longer piece targeted at an academic audience which goes into the decision in some depth:

ukconstitutionallaw.org/2023/12/13/mic…
This month also saw the publication of a lecture I gave on the definition of sex in law for @MenVSexism:

Finally, this year ended with two podcasts. The first was an appearance on BBC Radio's Antisocial to discuss the law relating to social transition in schools with @cwknews and @hannahsbee:

bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/m0…
The second was an interview with @bindelj for her series looking at men who fighting for women's rights. I have to admit that I feel out of place amongst the lineup. These men are on the front line doing incredible grassroots work. I write blog posts.

Still, it was an honour to be asked and I'm delighted with how the interview went. Julie is a fantastic interviewer and a real champion for the most vulnerable women facing the most horrific forms of male violence.
So that's the year. Next year I'll have a fair few publications in the pipeline but I think I'll leave this already overly long thread at that.

Merry Christmas everyone! Wishing you all joy and fulfilment in the New Year.

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More from @michaelpforan

Dec 26
For the day that's in it, this is exactly the kind of framing that could mislead a potential doner into thinking that if the Good Law Project challenged the guidance, it could get the whole thing thrown out. Maugham describes the guidance as unlawful, not potentially parts of it.
Even when he quotes the reporting that parts are open to legal challenge, he then goes on to describe "unlawful guidance", potentially creating the impression that a successful challenge to the guidance would significantly change it rather than merely reword some sentences.
We can all see how the marketing of the crowdfunder would look: a highly emotive description of an attack on trans children followed by an extremely confident description of the "very strong advice indeed" that *the guidance* is unlawful, followed by a commitment to challenge it.
Read 23 tweets
Dec 23
If this is what the advice actually said then that seems to me to be very poor indeed. It contradicts what we know about general vs specific legal duties and it is inconsistent with previous judicial treatment of government guidance.
The lack of a general duty does not imply that there is no specific duty that may arise in certain circumstances. There is nothing misleading about making it clear, as this guidance does, that there is no general legal duty to permit social transition.
We know from AEA and other cases that government guidance will be interpreted according to the words used, not the misinterpretation of others. When the guidance said “should” the court was clear that anyone who thought that meant “must” has simply misinterpreted the guidance.
Read 19 tweets
Dec 19
Robin White seems to be encouraging schools and teachers to ignore government guidance. A school or teacher that did this & as a result compromised the safeguarding of children would be in serious legal trouble. No responsible lawyer would advise this.🧵

I've read the draft guidance and will give my thoughts below. I think it's important to clear some ground first though. Anyone saying this is an attempt to enflame a culture war are guilty of doing exactly that. Robin's claim that the guidance is unlawful is highly questionable.
While some of the language used in the guidance is not what I would use, overall, this is clearly the product of careful thinking about all of the relevant legal obligations on schools and is drawing upon emerging clinical evidence and guidance.
Read 22 tweets
Dec 14
@PinkNews are spreading misinformation about a complicated area of law. This concerns the interaction between EU law and U.K. Equality law following Brexit and @AllianceLGB should be commended for their work here in my view. A 🧵:

thepinknews.com/2023/12/14/lgb…
First it’s important to note that part of this misinformation is coming from Robin Moira White, who seems to misunderstand the constitutional implications of Brexit for EU law: Image
The Equality Act 2010 contains an exception in Schedule 9 paragraph 18, extended by the Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Act 2013 which allows pension providers to pay out a smaller pension to a surviving same-sex spouse or civil partner.
Read 13 tweets
Dec 8
Robin talking absolute bollox again. Sorry for the language but I’ve lost my patience. Robin is pretending that a statutory obligation to provide separate facilities for boys & girls doesn’t require schools to provide facilities for boys & girls to use separate from each other.
Image
Image
Robin presumes that the legal categories of boy and girl don’t track every legal case that has ever address the Q of how to determine sex absent a GRC. Nobody under the age of 18 is ever classed as a sexual other than their biological sex. There is no self-ID for children.
Invoking indirect discrimination is ridiculous because it’s a general test with a justification aspect which will always be met if you can justify conduct by reference to statutory obligations. Robin either knows this or is unable to grasp the basics of statutory interpretation.
Read 8 tweets
Dec 3
Robin is accusing me of defamation for mentioning that time when she claimed my legal analysis and commentary contributed to the murder of Brianna Ghey. Robin doesn’t want to engage in hyperbolics and would prefer to stick to the law. Let’s recap, shall we? Image
I try hard to remain calm on here. But Robin has behaved disgracefully & has dragged me into it. In February, when the poor child’s corpse was barely cold, Robin tried to use the murder of Brianna Ghey as an excuse to bash on some people she had beef with:
independent.co.uk/voices/brianna…
You see, Robin likes to stay away from hyperbolic comments and focus on the law, except when there’s a chance to opine on an ongoing murder investigation to blame it on a culture war that Robin would be loathe to fan the flames of.
Read 8 tweets

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