Ed Conway Profile picture
Feb 21 17 tweets 6 min read Read on X
🚨How British companies are bolstering Vladimir Putin’s war machine🚨
A depressing thread.
But an important one.
With some pretty shocking charts.
Let’s begin with the “official” picture. It suggests UK trade with Russia has collapsed since Feb 2022. Down by 74%… Image
Now let's fill in the data.
Look how we're no longer exporting cars or heavy machinery to Russia. Because the govt is well aware this stuff could be repurposed into weapons. So the official line is that this is a big success story.
Looks like Russia's economy is being starved Image
But clearly the Russian economy isn't doing as badly as all that. Indeed Russia is due to grow faster than any G7 nation this year 👇
And that's just the economy. Now look at the battlefield and Russia is looking v strong. No shortage of weapons/drones etc despite sanctions
Why? Image
Well let's imagine you're a Russian unit needing weapons. Imagine you rely on a certain input or tool from the UK. Back in the past you'd get it directly. But you can't anymore.
Here's one solution: set up a shell company in a friendly Caucasus state like Kyrgyzstan...
The genius of this is that there's no sanctions on these other neighbouring states. But once your goods arrive you can send them straight over to Russia.
They've been laundered.
Voila Russia gets its machinery which it can use to make weaponry etc, in spite of the sanctions. Image
Which raises a question: is this kind of thing actually happening? Well let's look at UK exports to Kyrgyzstan and ask the question: have they gone up since the outbreak of war? Well, have a look...
That's up by more than 1,100%.
And NB these aren't just ANY goods. They're precisely the machinery/car imports we can no longer send to Russia. All going to Kyrgyzstan. And then almost certainly onwards to Russia (tho the paper trail tends to end when goods leave UK) Image
It's a similar story in Armenia. And in many other Caucasus nations. A massive leap post invasion/sanctions... Image
Nor is this just a UK-specific story. Not in the slightest. If anything the volumes from Germany/Poland are worse.
@robin_j_brooks has been documenting this via EU figs for months. He's a must-follow for more on this extraordinarily under-reported story
And there's more (I'm afraid).
Because the issue isn't just the surge in volumes of trade to these caucasus nations, but precisely WHAT kinds of things we've been exporting to these countries.
So, I've looked at those numbers.
And what emerges is even more disturbing...
Starting point is to note the EU & G7 partners have a list of what they call "Common High Priority Items".
It's 45 categories of goods we KNOW the Russians are important and repurposing into weapons.
Because we've found them on the battlefield... finance.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2…
Which raises a question: are these items among the stuff Britain is sending to these states (which anyone with an ounce of sense must know are being diverted ro Russia)?
The answer is yes.
Very much yes 🫥
Here's the chart specifically looking at these items.
The items we KNOW are being used to kill Ukrainians. What you see here 👇 is trade flows specifically of these banned items to these states (who then almost certainly send them straight to Russia).
That's a 500%+ increase. Image
Now let's look at the specific line items we're talking about here.
These are the main "banned" goods UK companies re sending to four Russian neighbours👇
Top one: "Parts of aeroplanes, helicopters or unmanned aircraft".
In other words, parts you can use to make/repair drones... Image
Few things:
1. The absolute numbers 👆are not massive.
But add up figs across EU (viz @robin_j_brooks) & it's MUCH bigger. & then consider stuff going via Turkey/China.
2. Real story is TREND.
3. Sorry I described Kyrgyzstan as a caucasus nation 🤦‍♂️It's Central Asia. Whoops!
Anyway.
Here's my full story on this shocking phenomenon👇
On how UK companies seem to be sending millions of pounds worth of supposedly banned equipment to Russia via the shadow economy.
Equipment which we know has been used to kill Ukrainians... Ugh news.sky.com/story/british-…
Of course this is hardly the first time trade has trumped war. Consider the episode I wrote about in #MaterialWorld when Britain actually proposed buying binoculars off the Germans during WWI in exchange for rubber, so they could all carry on killing each other more efficiently…

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More from @EdConwaySky

Jan 20
With Tata steel having just confirmed the closure of the two blast furnaces at Port Talbot, here are a few important datapoints.
First, UK steelmaking has collapsed faster, over the past half century, than ANY other country in the world save for Venezuela.
Pretty shocking👇 Image
The Tata plan is to replace the two blast furnaces with two electric arc furnaces.
There are some strong arguments - not all of which come back to net zero.
One is that Britain produces more than enough scrap steel to satisfy its needs. At the moment this is mostly exported Image
Electric arc furnaces exist to RECYCLE steel via a massive electric current.
UK has long been an outlier in having v few of them. Look: less, proportionally, than nearly any other country in the world.
Essentially we stuck with blast furnaces far longer than most other nations... Image
Read 10 tweets
Jan 18
Here’s one of the blast furnaces at Port Talbot being tapped. Witnessing it is an extraordinary experience. What you’re looking at here is molten pig iron, hotter than lava, coursing out.
Blast furnaces exist to turn rock (rich in iron) into metal.
They are breathtaking places…
The problem is, the main product of these blast furnaces (there are two at Port Talbot) is actually not iron, but carbon. About a tonne and a half of carbon for every tonne of iron.
In carbon terms, blast furnaces are the single most concentrated source of pollution anywhere… Image
The @TataSteelLtd plan is to pull down the two blast furnaces at Port Talbot and replace them with electric arc furnaces.
These are much less carbon intensive. Pictured is the Liberty steel arc furnace in Rotherham. Inside there is man-made lightning melting down scrap steel! Image
Read 9 tweets
Jan 9
Here’s the story of how the discovery of some islands off the coast of South America changed the world forever, in unexpected ways.
It also helps explain why rivers & coasts around the world are constantly smeared with sewage.
Bizarre but true.
Anyway, here are the islands👇 Image
They’re called the Chincha Islands, in Peru.
No humans live there but a LOT of birds do.
Over time those birds left rather a lot of droppings.
But unlike in most other bird colonies, it barely ever rains, so instead of being washed away those droppings just built up over time.
Image
Image
They built up into springy (& smelly) deposits of what became known as “guano”. Bird poo. A whole geological strata of fossilised bird poo.
What looks like a pyramid in this pic is all guano!
And this guano was incredibly rich in nitrogen. And nitrogen chemicals are a BIG deal… Image
Read 19 tweets
Dec 30, 2023
I went to one of the world's biggest glass factories & it was REALLY cool.
Here's what I saw👇

The factory is the @Encirc plant in Cheshire.
It's enormous. Acres & acres.
If you poured anything from a glass bottle in the UK this Xmas there's a good chance it came from here...
🧵 Image
🍾Glass is ultimately melted SAND, with a few important additives🏝️
📖Much more on this in Material World if you're interested (it's incredibly interesting).
The sand gets shovelled into a massive furnace (the world's biggest for containers) from these big hoppers at the end. Image
The sand, which in this case comes from E Anglia, is mixed with old recycled glass & soda ash (made from Cheshire salt).
Look! You can see where it enters the furnace👇
Note how the surface in the furnace is undulating. Because it's liquid - molten!
About to transform into glass
Read 32 tweets
Dec 15, 2023
🌞Here's a short story abt how I went to Morocco to see one of the world's biggest solar plants.
It didn't go quite as I expected

This is the Noor complex near Ouarzazate.
It's massive. Bigger than the capital of Morocco.
Europe (& UK) plan to import solar power from Morocco.
🧵 Image
This place is interesting because it's actually not a traditional solar plant.
Most solar power these days is PV or photovoltaic👇
Solar energy hits the silicon panel and is converted straight into electricity.
Noor has a section devoted to PV. But in this case it's a sideshow... Image
The main business here is a different type of solar power.
Most of the panels here are not PV but mirrors.
They concentrate solar energy and capture its heat. That heat is used to heat water, to turn it into steam which runs a turbine.
Like a conventional power station! Image
Read 14 tweets
Dec 12, 2023
⚡️INERTIA⚡️
The magic ingredient at the heart of our power systems.
It's also one of the obstacles to replacing fossil fuels with renewables.
In short, a REALLY big deal!
But most folks have never heard of it.
It's widely considered too complex.
So. Here's your idiot's guide
🧵
Key thing here is to remember that for most of history most of our power has come from turbines spinning.
Steam turbines in coal and nuclear power stations. Gas or hydro turbines.
When you think of the electricity grid, think of lots of big wheels turning, all around the country.
Image
Image
And here's the slightly 🤯 thing: every single turbine around the country is spinning at exactly the same frequency.
Every one.
50hz.
It's like an enormous orchestra across the land, all playing the same tune at exactly the same tempo.
Read 13 tweets

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