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Feb 27, 2024 13 tweets 8 min read Read on X
It's been said, “A library is infinity under a roof.”

Some libraries come close to that!

A thread of 12 of the world's largest libraries and their most priceless treasures:

1. The British Library, London

200 million volumes, including the Lindisfarne Gospels (~715).

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2. The Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.

175 million volumes, including Thomas Jefferson's original rough draft of the Declaration of Independence
Rough Draft of the Declaration of Independence
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3. The Shanghai Library

57 million volumes, including early Buddhist sutras, like the Vimalakīrti Nirdeśa
Shanghai Library, Credit: Joshua W CC BY-SA 2.0, wikimedia
Vimalakīrti debating Bodhisattva Mañjuśrī. Chinese painting from the Dunhuang Caves, Tang dynasty
4. The New York Public Library

55 million volumes, including the Lenox copy of the Gutenberg Bible, the first copy to be acquired by a United States citizen.
Rose Main Reading Room, Credit: CC BY 2.5 Diliff, wikimedia
the Lenox Gutenberg Bible, credit: NYC Wanderer (Kevin Eng) CC BY-SA 2.0, wikimedia
5. The Russian State Library, Moscow

48 million volumes, including the ~1092 Archangelsk Gospel, written in Old Church Slavonic
photo credit: Ludvig14, wikimedia commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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6. The National Diet Library, Tokyo & Kyoto

44 million volumes, including countless rare woodblock prints and an early copy of Confucius's Analects
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Kansai-kan of the National Diet Library, photo credit: amagase, wikimedia commons, CC BY-SA 3.0
7. The Royal Library of Denmark, Copenhagen & Aarhus

43 million volumes, including:
• Primer nueva corónica y buen gobierno, a rare 1200-page handwritten account of Andean life pre-Spanish conquest
• the 11th-cent. Copenhagen Psalter

from the Copenhagen psalter
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from the Primer nueva corónica y buen gobierno
8. National Library of China, Beijing

43 million volumes, including:
• the fragments of the Xiping Stone Classics from ~ AD 175
• the most complete copy of the Yongle Encylopedia from ~1400

from the Yongle Encyclopedia
photo credit: Shanghai.Dennis, wikimedia commons, CC BY-SA 2.0
Xiping Stone Stelae; photo credit: Editor at Large, wikimedia commons, CC BY-SA 2.5
9. University of California Libraries

40 million volumes, including the Tebtunis papyri, a massive collection of Ptolemaic-era writings in Demotic Egyptian and Koine Greek on papyri that had been recycled as mummy wrappings.
example of the Tebtunis papyri
Doe Memorial Library at University of California, Berkeley, photo credit: minesweeper, wikimedia commons, CC BY-SA 3.0
10. Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Paris

40 million volumes, including:
• the Codex Sinopensis, a 6th-cent. illuminated Greek Gospel
• the Ashburnham Pentateuch, a 6th-cent. illuminated Latin Old Testament

page from the Ashburnham Pentateuch, photo credit: Gennadii Saus i Segura, Wikimedia commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
Reading room, Richelieu site, photo credit: Vincent Desjardins, wikimedia commons, CC BY 2.0
A page from the Sinope Gospels. The miniature at the bottom shows Christ healing the blind
11. National Library of Russia, St. Petersburg

36 million volumes, including:
• an 8th-cent. edition of Bede's Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum
• the 11th-cent. illuminated Trebizond Gospel
• the Breviary of Mary, Queen of Scots that she carried to her execution

illuminated illustration of St. Mark from the Trebizond Gospel
Mary Stuart's Breviary
Photo credit: Alex 'Florstein' Fedorov, wikimedia commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
12. Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Munich

34 million volumes, including:
• Breviary of Alaric (an AD 506 Visigothic-Roman law book)
• Codex Aureus of St. Emmeram (a Carolingian Gospel Book from ~870)
• Carmina Burana (an 11th-cent. collection of secular poems)

cover of the Codex Aureus of St. Emmeram.
Credit: Hans-Rudolf Schulz - Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Öffentlichkeitsarbeit, CCO, wikimedia
The Wheel of Fortune from Carmina Burana
Which of these libraries (and rare manuscript collections) would you most like to visit?

I think Bibliothèque nationale de France’s illuminated manuscripts would be amazing to see.

If you enjoyed this thread, please do me a favor and share the first post, linked below.

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More from @CoffeewClassics

Jan 27
On this day, Jan. 27, 1302, Dante Alighieri found himself cast into the wilderness.

Not allegorically. Literally.

But only after losing everything could he find his true life's purpose.

A thread on Dante's midlife crisis, what he learned from it and you can too. 🧵👇 1/ Dante gazes at Mount Purgatory in an allegorical portrait by Agnolo Bronzino, painted c. 1530
Dante wasn't always *just* a poet. His first vocation was politics. A dangerous game in Florence.

At age 35, he was at the top of the city's political pile.

At age 37? It was all gone.

His career? Over. His wealth? Stolen.

His life? He was an exile, on pain of death. 2/ Dante in Verona, by Antonio Cotti, 1879
But only in exile was Dante finally free to do what he always wanted, but couldn't while he still had something to lose:

Write poetry that was sharp & biting.

Poems that packed a punch & a message.

So he wrote an epic that made him a literary immortal: the Divine Comedy. 3/ Image
Read 14 tweets
Jan 23
Let's have some fun and play "Finish that line..." Shakespeare edition.

Answer key at the end of the thread. Share your score in the replies.

Let's start with an easy one.

1. From Julius Caesar:

"Friends, Romans, Countrymen, lend me your ____"
2. From King Lear:

"How sharper than a serpent's tooth it is to have a ____"
3. From A Midsummer Night's Dream:

"Lord, what fools these ____ be..."
Read 12 tweets
Jan 4
Happy 133rd Birthday, J.R.R. Tolkien.

If you've ever been inspired by Tolkien's works, perhaps you'd like to learn what books inspired him.

A thread of 15 works that shaped Tolkien's imagination: Image
1. Andrew Lang's Red Fairy Book

Lang's Fairy Books and his version of Sigurd and the Dragon captivated Tolkien as a child.

Tolkien later wrote: "I desired dragons with a profound desire... the world that contained even the imagination of Fáfnir was richer and more beautiful." Fáfnir guards the gold hoard in this illustration by Arthur Rackham to Richard Wagner's Siegfried, 1911.
2. Völsunga Saga

This Icelandic epic is where Tolkien first studied the story of Fáfnir, a dragon who hoards treasure (including a cursed magic ring), and the hero Sigurd, who must slay him and retrieve the ring. Sigurd and Fafnir, c. 1906, by Hermann Hendrich
Read 23 tweets
Dec 24, 2024
Everyone knows A Christmas Carol, Charles Dickens’s timeless tale of Christmas redemption.

But did you know he wrote four other Christmas novellas?

Here’s the story of why Dickens returned to Christmas again and again — and why they're still great reads today. 🧵👇 Marley's Ghost from the 1843 illustrated edition of A Christmas Carol, illustrated by John Leech
First published on December 19, 1843, A Christmas Carol was an immediate sensation — selling out its 6,000 print run before Christmas Eve.

The novella’s success inspired Dickens to make Christmas literature a yearly tradition. 1842 portrait of Charles Dickens by Francis Alexander
From 1843 to 1848, Dickens wrote 4 more Christmas novellas:

• The Chimes (1844)
• The Cricket on the Hearth (1845)
• The Battle of Life (1846)
• The Haunted Man & the Ghost's Bargain (1848)

Each sought to recapture the magic of A Christmas Carol but with unique twists. "Scrooge's Third Visitor" from the 1843 illustrated edition of A Christmas Carol, illustrated by John Leech
Read 9 tweets
Nov 29, 2024
Happy 126th Birthday to C.S. Lewis, born on this day, November 29, 1898.

In 1962, he was asked what books most influenced him.

He responded with a list of 10 books.

They're Great Books. I recommend you read them -- or, at least, read this thread about them: Image
10. George MacDonald's Phantastes

A fantasy novel about a young man searching for his female ideal in a dream-world.

Lewis once said: "I have never concealed the fact that I regard [MacDonald] as my master... I have never written a book in which I did not quote from him." Lamia (first version) by John William Waterhouse, 1905
9. Virgil's The Aeneid

An epic poem that is foundational to Western literature, it tells of Aeneas's heroic journey from the fall of Troy to the shores of Italy.

Lewis once wrote:

"A man, an adult, is precisely what [Aeneas] is... With Virgil, European poetry grows up." Virgil Reading the Aeneid to Augustus and Octavia, by Jean-Joseph Taillasson, 1787.
Read 12 tweets
Oct 23, 2024
Long before Tolkien’s fantasy worlds enchanted us, other stories enchanted him.

Ever wonder which books sparked his imagination?

Here's a thread of 15 works — some high-brow, some low, all fascinating — that shaped Tolkien's world: Bertuccio's Bride by Edward Robert Hughes, 1895
1. Beowulf

Beowulf was Tolkien's academic specialty, and he consciously drew upon it in LOTR.

Ents, orcs & elves are all taken from Beowulf.

Gollum is partly based on the monster Grendel.

And the dragon Smaug (in The Hobbit) mirrors Beowulf's dragon.

But that's not all. illustration by J.R. Skelton for "Stories from Beowulf," 1911
Like Beowulf, LOTR also portrays a pagan, pre-Christ world but is by a deeply Christian author.

Tolkien sought to match how Beowulf nodded implicitly towards Christian eschatology through "large symbolism" about good, evil & redemptive grace but eschewed heavy-handed allegory. illustration by J.R. Skelton for "Stories from Beowulf," 1911
Read 22 tweets

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