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Feb 27 13 tweets 8 min read Read on X
It's been said, “A library is infinity under a roof.”

Some libraries come close to that!

A thread of 12 of the world's largest libraries and their most priceless treasures:

1. The British Library, London

200 million volumes, including the Lindisfarne Gospels (~715).

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2. The Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.

175 million volumes, including Thomas Jefferson's original rough draft of the Declaration of Independence
Rough Draft of the Declaration of Independence
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3. The Shanghai Library

57 million volumes, including early Buddhist sutras, like the Vimalakīrti Nirdeśa
Shanghai Library, Credit: Joshua W CC BY-SA 2.0, wikimedia
Vimalakīrti debating Bodhisattva Mañjuśrī. Chinese painting from the Dunhuang Caves, Tang dynasty
4. The New York Public Library

55 million volumes, including the Lenox copy of the Gutenberg Bible, the first copy to be acquired by a United States citizen.
Rose Main Reading Room, Credit: CC BY 2.5 Diliff, wikimedia
the Lenox Gutenberg Bible, credit: NYC Wanderer (Kevin Eng) CC BY-SA 2.0, wikimedia
5. The Russian State Library, Moscow

48 million volumes, including the ~1092 Archangelsk Gospel, written in Old Church Slavonic
photo credit: Ludvig14, wikimedia commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
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6. The National Diet Library, Tokyo & Kyoto

44 million volumes, including countless rare woodblock prints and an early copy of Confucius's Analects
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Kansai-kan of the National Diet Library, photo credit: amagase, wikimedia commons, CC BY-SA 3.0
7. The Royal Library of Denmark, Copenhagen & Aarhus

43 million volumes, including:
• Primer nueva corónica y buen gobierno, a rare 1200-page handwritten account of Andean life pre-Spanish conquest
• the 11th-cent. Copenhagen Psalter

from the Copenhagen psalter
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from the Primer nueva corónica y buen gobierno
8. National Library of China, Beijing

43 million volumes, including:
• the fragments of the Xiping Stone Classics from ~ AD 175
• the most complete copy of the Yongle Encylopedia from ~1400

from the Yongle Encyclopedia
photo credit: Shanghai.Dennis, wikimedia commons, CC BY-SA 2.0
Xiping Stone Stelae; photo credit: Editor at Large, wikimedia commons, CC BY-SA 2.5
9. University of California Libraries

40 million volumes, including the Tebtunis papyri, a massive collection of Ptolemaic-era writings in Demotic Egyptian and Koine Greek on papyri that had been recycled as mummy wrappings.
example of the Tebtunis papyri
Doe Memorial Library at University of California, Berkeley, photo credit: minesweeper, wikimedia commons, CC BY-SA 3.0
10. Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Paris

40 million volumes, including:
• the Codex Sinopensis, a 6th-cent. illuminated Greek Gospel
• the Ashburnham Pentateuch, a 6th-cent. illuminated Latin Old Testament

page from the Ashburnham Pentateuch, photo credit: Gennadii Saus i Segura, Wikimedia commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
Reading room, Richelieu site, photo credit: Vincent Desjardins, wikimedia commons, CC BY 2.0
A page from the Sinope Gospels. The miniature at the bottom shows Christ healing the blind
11. National Library of Russia, St. Petersburg

36 million volumes, including:
• an 8th-cent. edition of Bede's Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum
• the 11th-cent. illuminated Trebizond Gospel
• the Breviary of Mary, Queen of Scots that she carried to her execution

illuminated illustration of St. Mark from the Trebizond Gospel
Mary Stuart's Breviary
Photo credit: Alex 'Florstein' Fedorov, wikimedia commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
12. Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Munich

34 million volumes, including:
• Breviary of Alaric (an AD 506 Visigothic-Roman law book)
• Codex Aureus of St. Emmeram (a Carolingian Gospel Book from ~870)
• Carmina Burana (an 11th-cent. collection of secular poems)

cover of the Codex Aureus of St. Emmeram.
Credit: Hans-Rudolf Schulz - Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Öffentlichkeitsarbeit, CCO, wikimedia
The Wheel of Fortune from Carmina Burana
Which of these libraries (and rare manuscript collections) would you most like to visit?

I think Bibliothèque nationale de France’s illuminated manuscripts would be amazing to see.

If you enjoyed this thread, please do me a favor and share the first post, linked below.

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Happy 126th Birthday to C.S. Lewis, born on this day, November 29, 1898.

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Oct 23
Long before Tolkien’s fantasy worlds enchanted us, other stories enchanted him.

Ever wonder which books sparked his imagination?

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Beowulf was Tolkien's academic specialty, and he consciously drew upon it in LOTR.

Ents, orcs & elves are all taken from Beowulf.

Gollum is partly based on the monster Grendel.

And the dragon Smaug (in The Hobbit) mirrors Beowulf's dragon.

But that's not all. illustration by J.R. Skelton for "Stories from Beowulf," 1911
Like Beowulf, LOTR also portrays a pagan, pre-Christ world but is by a deeply Christian author.

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In 1887, Mark Twain was asked what books every boy and girl should read.

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