It's been said, “A library is infinity under a roof.”
Some libraries come close to that!
A thread of 12 of the world's largest libraries and their most priceless treasures:
1. The British Library, London
200 million volumes, including the Lindisfarne Gospels (~715).
2. The Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
175 million volumes, including Thomas Jefferson's original rough draft of the Declaration of Independence
3. The Shanghai Library
57 million volumes, including early Buddhist sutras, like the Vimalakīrti Nirdeśa
4. The New York Public Library
55 million volumes, including the Lenox copy of the Gutenberg Bible, the first copy to be acquired by a United States citizen.
5. The Russian State Library, Moscow
48 million volumes, including the ~1092 Archangelsk Gospel, written in Old Church Slavonic
6. The National Diet Library, Tokyo & Kyoto
44 million volumes, including countless rare woodblock prints and an early copy of Confucius's Analects
7. The Royal Library of Denmark, Copenhagen & Aarhus
43 million volumes, including:
• Primer nueva corónica y buen gobierno, a rare 1200-page handwritten account of Andean life pre-Spanish conquest
• the 11th-cent. Copenhagen Psalter
8. National Library of China, Beijing
43 million volumes, including:
• the fragments of the Xiping Stone Classics from ~ AD 175
• the most complete copy of the Yongle Encylopedia from ~1400
9. University of California Libraries
40 million volumes, including the Tebtunis papyri, a massive collection of Ptolemaic-era writings in Demotic Egyptian and Koine Greek on papyri that had been recycled as mummy wrappings.
10. Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Paris
40 million volumes, including:
• the Codex Sinopensis, a 6th-cent. illuminated Greek Gospel
• the Ashburnham Pentateuch, a 6th-cent. illuminated Latin Old Testament
11. National Library of Russia, St. Petersburg
36 million volumes, including:
• an 8th-cent. edition of Bede's Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum
• the 11th-cent. illuminated Trebizond Gospel
• the Breviary of Mary, Queen of Scots that she carried to her execution
12. Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Munich
34 million volumes, including:
• Breviary of Alaric (an AD 506 Visigothic-Roman law book)
• Codex Aureus of St. Emmeram (a Carolingian Gospel Book from ~870)
• Carmina Burana (an 11th-cent. collection of secular poems)
Which of these libraries (and rare manuscript collections) would you most like to visit?
I think Bibliothèque nationale de France’s illuminated manuscripts would be amazing to see.
If you enjoyed this thread, please do me a favor and share the first post, linked below.
On this day in 1882, writer Ralph Waldo Emerson breathed his last.
Emerson's transcendentalist worldview is not without its pitfalls, but it is *alive*. Few wrote about the possibilities of human achievement with more brilliance.
A thread of my favorite Emerson quotes:
15. "God will not have his work made manifest by cowards...
Trust thyself: every heart vibrates to that iron string."
~Emerson, Self-Reliance
14. "Insist on yourself; never imitate.
Your own gift you can present every moment with the cumulative force of a whole life's cultivation...
That which each can do best, none but his Maker can teach him."
To celebrate, a thread of every Shakespeare play, with the most memorable lines from each:
1. Romeo and Juliet
"What's in a name? That which we call a rose,
By any other name would smell as sweet..." (II.ii)
2. Macbeth
"...Out, out, brief candle!
Life's but a walking shadow, a poor player
That struts and frets his hour upon the stage,
And then is heard no more. It is a tale
Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury,
Signifying nothing." (V.v)
Instead of doom-scrolling, log off and read one of these Good Friday-inspired works of literature.
Thread: 🪡 👇
10. The Dream of the Rood
This 7th-century Old English poem tells the story of the Crucifixion from the perspective of the Cross itself ("Rood" is Old English for "pole" or crucifix), blending Christian themes with Anglo-Saxon warrior culture.
A fascinating work.
9. East Coker, from The Four Quartets by T.S. Eliot
One of the most arrestingly beautiful meditations on the meaning of the Passion.
It's Eliot at his best, grappling with the modern world while reaching for the transcendent.
On this day, in 1708, Jonathan Swift, years before publishing Gulliver's Travels and A Modest Proposal, inflicted one of the first public April Fools hoaxes on his readers.
It was as brutal as you'd expect from him.
A thread: 🧵👇
In Swift's day, Almanacs were all the rage.
Today, we think of them like Ben Franklin's Poor Richard -- collections of pithy witticisms paired with weather forecasts for farmers.
But back then, they were horoscopes with an agenda.
The most popular was John Partridge's. 2/
Partridge was a cobbler by trade who, in the heady days of Restoration-era England, remade himself as a man of (pseudo-)science.
Declaring himself an expert astrologer (and all *other* astrologers frauds) and a "Physician to the King," he started publishing horoscopes. 3/