Share this page!

Enter URL or ID to Unroll

You can paste full URL like: https://x.com/threadreaderapp/status/1644127596119195649
or just the ID like: 1644127596119195649

How to get URL link on X (Twitter) App

  1. On the Twitter thread, click on or icon on the bottom
  2. Click again on or Share Via icon
  3. Click on Copy Link to Tweet
  4. Paste it above and click "Unroll Thread"!
  5. More info at Twitter Help
Daniel Park Profile picture
@Daniel_E_Park
Mar 1 • 10 tweets • 3 min read • Read on X
Interesting: different immune responses to Novavax & mRNA COVID vaccines. TLDR: NVX has higher proportion of the "best" IgGs (IgG3), while mRNA have higher of the "not always good" IgG4. IMO more importantly, NVX has stronger Fc-effector functions
journalofinfection.com/article/S0163-…
Fc-effector functions have been hypothesized to be behind much of the efficacy w/ NVX. Ppl with essentially undetectable IgG still had >60% efficacy vs infection in the original trials.
nature.com/articles/s4146…
Side note, I think Dr. Lin is right on this one as well:
And we have seen the importance of Fc-effector functions in protecting against variants for all vaccine platforms.
nature.com/articles/s4156…
Some suggest the NVX platform has improved durability. This may be both through the induction of immune factors less prone to waning, and also through improved protection against variant shifts.
nejm.org/doi/full/10.10…
Probably wrong, but maybe this is why some studies that overlap a strain shift tend to have NVX as the more effective option, while shorter studies without a new variant often show mRNA as equal or better

journalofinfection.com/article/S0163-…
cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/7…
All these factors, and more (age, season, etc), are inextricably intertwined, and make it difficult to compare vaccine platforms. But: 1) The vaccines are all effective, 2) they all also function quite differently in ways yet to be fully understood
And while it's interesting to compare the vaccines from a scientific perspective, one should never lose sight that they are all remarkably effective at preventing illness and death
bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.11…
And most importantly, again, the best vaccine is the one that you are able and willing to get.
h/t @SocialFuzzer

• • •

Missing some Tweet in this thread? You can try to force a refresh
　

Keep Current with Daniel Park

Daniel Park Profile picture

Stay in touch and get notified when new unrolls are available from this author!

Read all threads

This Thread may be Removed Anytime!

PDF

Twitter may remove this content at anytime! Save it as PDF for later use!

Try unrolling a thread yourself!

how to unroll video
  1. Follow @ThreadReaderApp to mention us!

  2. From a Twitter thread mention us with a keyword "unroll"
@threadreaderapp unroll

Practice here first or read more on our help page!

More from @Daniel_E_Park

Daniel Park Profile picture
Feb 26
Just released: Pretty remarkable 1-year durability data for Novavax 2-dose primary series. Though there is some expected waning, there was >65% efficacy at 1y (mRNA options typically wane to this level by ~4-5 months). Also fewer waning differences by age.
sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
Image
Refs:
NVX:
BNT:
Waning:
sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
thelancet.com/journals/lanre…
To illustrate age stratified data, I took NVX data from the Japan paper and compared w/ a BNT paper from Norway. For BNT, nAbs & IgG largely back to baseline levels in older individuals by 5m, but remain at protective level at 1y w/ NVX, and more similar to young ages throughout. Image
Read 4 tweets
Daniel Park Profile picture
Jan 11
Preprint: saponin adjuvants (like the one in Novavax) shown to enhance durability (length) of protection compared with mRNA options. Potentially relevant as we shift to annual doses for COVID-19.
biorxiv.org/content/10.110…
Image
Per the authors, "in a murine vaccine study, the adjuvants greatly improved the potency, durability, breadth, and neutralization of both COVID-19 and HIV vaccine candidates, suggesting the potential broad application of these adjuvant constructs to a range of different antigens." Image
Earlier studies have looked at this directly for Novavax v. mRNA as well, which included improved blunting of replication in the upper respiratory tract with NVX. This could have implications for reduced transmission.
science.org/doi/10.1126/sc…
Read 5 tweets
Daniel Park Profile picture
Dec 8, 2023
Important study in Nature may have some implications for reactogenicity and/or efficacy of mRNA vaccines. The pseudouridine can cause a frameshift (e.g. mistranslation) when the body converts mRNA to proteins
nature.com/articles/s4158…
First to clarify what a frameshift is (skip ahead if biologically inclined): The ribosome is the thing in your cells that "reads" the mRNA and produces the resulting protein. The ribosome reads mRNA nucleotides ("letters") in sets of three. Like acg uug aga cca
It turns out the pseudouridine can be hard for ribosomes to read, and it can lead to them "slipping" or skipping a letter. So the prior acg uug aga could instead be read acg uga gac... the resulting protein would be almost entirely incorrect after the frameshift
Read 9 tweets
Daniel Park Profile picture
Oct 3, 2023
Finally, the FDA has authorized the Novavax XBB booster, without restrictions. The NVX het. boost option is 1) up to 9x more effective at preventing infections, 2) has fewer side effects, 3) provides durable, broad protection vs new variants

fda.gov/vaccines-blood…
Refs:
1)
2)




3)
journalofinfection.com/article/S0163-…
tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.10…
thelancet.com/journals/lance…
sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/7…
medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
biorxiv.org/content/10.110…
sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
There have also been studies suggesting the Novavax vaccine may be uniquely effective are reducing upper respiratory tract carriage (and therefore likely to reduce transmission):

science.org/doi/10.1126/sc…
nature.com/articles/s4146…
Read 4 tweets
Daniel Park Profile picture
Sep 19, 2023
Many EU agencies are excited about the updated Novavax vaccine. Germany just confirmed purchase of 10.6 million doses for this fall, 3 million in Italy. Europe has run large RCTs comparing vaccines showing benefits of heterologous boosting with AZ and NVX
corriere.it/politica/23_se…
These RCTs have shown tremendous benefits with heterologous boosting not only with immunologic endpoints, but more importantly with durability and protection from breakthrough infections (~9x better protection vs. homologous mRNA)

nejm.org/doi/full/10.10…
journalofinfection.com/article/S0163-…
Adding on the lower reactogenicity (side effects) of the Novavax platform, the cost-benefit advantages of NVX helps explain the growing international interest in the product.
x.com/Daniel_E_Park/…
Read 5 tweets
Daniel Park Profile picture
Sep 2, 2023
Recently released immunogenicity results from a Phase 3 RCT of the original Novavax vaccine when used as a booster. Good safety profile and excellent immune responses regardless of prior vaccine platform, even against Omicron BA.1 and BA.5
sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
Immune responses suggest booster shots provide protection that exceed the 87% efficacy based on correlates of protection established in a previous study
nature.com/articles/s4146…
The findings also suggest that the Novavax booster is especially beneficial for those who had homologous (i.e. same platform) mRNA schedules previously: "NVX-CoV2373-induced IgG seroconversion may be higher when given after a homologous primary and booster mRNA regimen"
Read 7 tweets

Did Thread Reader help you today?

Support us! We are indie developers!

This site is made by just two indie developers on a laptop doing marketing, support and development! Read more about the story.

Become a Premium Member ($3/month or $30/year) and get exclusive features!

Become Premium

Don't want to be a Premium member but still want to support us?

Make a small donation by buying us coffee ($5) or help with server cost ($10)

Donate via Paypal

Or Donate anonymously using crypto!

Ethereum

0xfe58350B80634f60Fa6Dc149a72b4DFbc17D341E copy

Bitcoin

3ATGMxNzCUFzxpMCHL5sWSt4DVtS8UqXpi copy

Thank you for your support!

Follow Us!

Send Email!

:(