White Flight from the Bronx – 1950 to 1980:
> The borough saw an explosive increase in crime, drug traffic, and arson during its demographic transformation.
🧵1/9 (h/t @Steve_Sailer )
The advent of NYC public transportation transformed the borough from farmland to a “streetcar suburb.” The population exploded with ethnic immigrants – Mainly Jews, but also Irish and Italians. Even during hard economic times The Bronx had been a safe place for families. 2/9
As late as 1950, The Bronx was still about 90 percent White, and the residents were enjoying life in their tranquil neighborhood. But The Bronx residents saw a rapid increase in crime and drugs as demographic change transformed life in the borough. 3/9
Rising crime in The Bronx was not just a matter of perception - As the demographics changed, crime did indeed skyrocket.
> Assaults, for example, increased at a frightening rate.
> Burglaries, meanwhile, increased from 1765 in 1960 to an incredible 29,2765 by 1969. 4/9
By the 1970s, the South Bronx was ravaged by gang warfare and arson. A nurse at a South Bronx hospital recalled gunshot victims in the ER, and a rehab center where rival gang members were still trying to attack each other from their wheel chairs. 5/9
The extent of the collapse of the South Bronx was shocking – gangs seemed to have taken control of the streets, and apartment buildings began to burn throughout the area. Vast sections of the borough were literally being burnt to the ground by arsonists. 6/9
The apocalyptic vibes were captured with the iconic “The Bronx is Burning” sequence during the 1977 World Series. 7/9
Violence and disorder spread to other formerly-safe neighborhoods. Residents remembered mothers being mugged, a sister being harassed until she had to escape to private school. They suffered robberies, break-ins, stolen bikes, stolen tires. Nearly half a million Whites fled. 8/9
Tougher law enforcement and mass-incarceration (as well as other factors), eventually helped to dramatically reduce crime in the 1990s. But it was far too late for the residents who had fled their once-safe and tranquil neighborhood in the 1970s. 9/9 city-journal.org/article/how-ne…
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By the 1950s, anti-communism was a key issue for Catholic voters. Catholics strongly supported Senator Joseph McCarthy. Catholic anti-Communism would help President Eisenhower carry the largest share ever of the Catholic vote for a Republican candidate up to that time.
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Historically, the Catholic Church was "the foremost foe of the Marxist movement" - dating back to Pope Pius IX's 1846 encyclical against communism titled "Qui pluribus." By 1948, Monsignor Fulton J. Sheen had taken up the anti-communist struggle in America.
/2
Joseph McCarthy was elected to the Senate in 1946. Ethnic Catholics, "disgusted with the Yalta agreements and Soviet domination of Eastern Europe, put McCarthy over the top both in the primary and the November election."
/3
The Battle for South Boston:
Busing in Boston resembled a military occupation, where the invading forces had identified three “centers of gravity” that needed to be controlled – the high schools in South Boston, Hyde Park, and Charlestown. "Southie" was the most important.
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“The struggle over Boston school desegregation is the perfect fight for the Irish. They were doomed before they started. Therefore, they can be expected to fight on.”
Jimmy Breslin, 1975
/2
Why Southie? It was partly symbolic – The resistance to forced integration in Boston was led by the Irish, and Southie was the neighborhood with the strongest Irish identity. It was home to the Saint Patrick’s Day parade, and well-known Irish politicians.
/3
Bombing Germany – From Douhet to Dresden: How British and American air forces came to employ a strategy of massacring civilians.
> Instead of engaging enemy forces, peak American technology and some of its best, bravest men were put to work killing women and children.
🧵/23
"Jus in Bello" traditions had endured for nearly two hundred years in the West. But after WW I, the new theories of air warfare and the new technology of the heavy four-engine bomber set the stage for the indiscriminate destruction of cities and the mass-killing of civilians.
/2
Pre-WW II air-power theorists like Douhet had argued that terror-bombing of civilians would actually *shorten* a war and save lives. Although bombing of military targets continued throughout the war, proponents of terror bombing were allowed to put their theory into practice.
/3
In 1974, in the second month of the disastrous court-ordered integration in Boston, violence spread and the crisis escalated, with national implications. President Ford weighed-in, and the 82nd Airborne Division at Fort Brag was put on standby alert.
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In September of 1974, the often violent resistance in South Boston had grabbed national attention. Hopes that the turmoil could be contained to one neighborhood were soon shattered. In early October, Blacks rioted in neighborhoods across the city. 2/
On October 8, following news of a beating of a Haitian immigrant in South Boston, turmoil broke out at English High school. Blacks rioted and battled police around Mission Hill. "Some 1,500 black students began walking up Tremont Street "smashing windows and hurling rocks." 3/
> 1960: America seems to be entering an era of hope and prosperity.
> End of the 1960s: Complete break-down of law and order. Half the country afraid to go out at night. A crime wave of "epic proportions."
From 1960 to 1970, rates of violent crime (essentially, murder, rape, robbery, and serious assaults) in the U.S. more than doubled, from 161 per 100,000 to 364. Murder rates rose 55 percent, while robbery rates climbed over 91 percent. And it continued to rise into the 1990s.
There was some evidence of rising crime in other western countries. But crime was *falling* in Japan. And Korea, Hong Kong, and Singapore did not see a significant crime increase.
In 1970 Brandeis University admitted Stanley Ray Bond a Vietnam veteran and former convict. What was the worst that could happen? Less than a year later, two young Brandeis coeds were on the run from the law, as two of the first women to make the FBI’s most wanted list.
🧵/17
Bond served in the Army from 1963 to 1965, including a tour in Vietnam. Not long after his discharged he embarked on an armed-robbery spree, and was sentenced to 6 to 12 years in Walpole State Prison. But he was released early under the Student Tutor Education Program.
2/17
Bond was not the only hardened criminal paroled to attended university in Boston. William “Lefty” Gilday had once been a promising minor league pitcher for a Washington Senators farm team. Like Bond, Gilday was doing time for armed robbery when the two met at Walpole.
3/17