@Willard1951 @BointonGiles @AristotleMrs @lapogus1 @ItsTheAtmospher @Mark_A_Lunn @SimpleSoul10 @Climatehope2 @gstrandberg1 @3GHtweets @MartinJBern @Jakegsm @ammocrypta @EricWil06256732 @DTGvmd @Jaisans @wille99 @PaulDFarrar @EthonRaptor @TheDisproof @Veritatem2021 @Data79504085 @Hji45519156 @KCTaz @Valja46Zhark5 @paulp1232 @ShroedingerBird @J0aquIm_B4rb0s4 @Sky48115666 @0Sundance @BradPKeyes @DoesThisW0rk @FD2you @S_D_Mannix @TWTThisIsNow @ChrisBBacon3 @B_Bolshevik100 @Robert76907841 @Anvndarnamn5 @ProfMickWilson @FillmoreWhite @TommyLambertOKC @detgodehab 4/4〕 The bottom line is that McIntyre is right, and the Wahl / Ammann hockey stick is politically motivated junk science, the publication of which says much more about the corruption of climate science than it does about any scientific topic.
1/7》GCP emission data shows 185.58 ppmv of fossil carbon emissions from 1959-2021 (plus a poorly constrained amt of non-fossil "land use change emissions"). Only about 5.56 ppmv (3%) was CO2 released from limestone [CaCO3] as it's baked to make cement.
@Piyush__Tank @JessePeltan 2/7》It's estimated that, on average, as concrete weathers it absorbs roughly half as much CO2 as was released from the limestone when it was made. That halves the 3% (5.56 ppmv) figure to 1.5%. The process is akin to natural rock weathering: sealevel.info/feedbacks.html…
3/7》It's often claimed that cement manufacturing causes "up to 8%" of anthropogenic CO2 emissions, but that figure includes estimated emissions from the fossil fuels burned to heat the kilns, typically accounting about half the total (though it varies according to how the kilns are fired). cfdflowengineering.com/cfd-modeling-o…
1/5. Willard, why do you ask questions that were answered at links I just gave you—that you refused to read?
I linked to a 7-part tweetstorm about the discredited Shakun/Marcott/Pages2K/Hagelaars "wheelchair" graph, which goes back 22K years. It completely erased D-O event #1, every last trace of it.
2/5. That wheelchair graph also erased all but ¼℃ of D-O event #0, a/k/a the Younger Dryas termination, a/k/a the start of the Holocene.
3/5. It also shows the middle of the Dark Ages Cold Period as slightly warmer than the middle of the Medieval Warm Period.
1/6. From measurements of downwelling LW IR, 342 W/m² is a reasonable, approximate estimate of downwelling LW IR radiation averaged over the entire surface of the Earth.
It's essentially identical to MacCracken's 1985 estimate (which he called "only an approximation"):
(Note: the numbers are percentages.)
The quoted text excerpt is:
“The fluxes of energy within the atmosphere-surface system can be illustrated using an energy balance diagram. Although many measurements have been made at the surface and from satellites, there are still uncertainties of 10-20% in the values of some of the fluxes because of the difficulty of making representative global measurements. In some cases model calculations have been used to generate estimates. The values shown in the diagram in Figure 1.2 are derived from consideration of energy balances prepared by Gates (1979), Liou (1980), and MacCracken (1984), and are only an approximation.”
Source:
M. C. MacCracken and F. M. Luther (Ed.), "Projecting the Climatic Effects of Increasing Carbon Dioxide," United States Department of Energy, DOE/ER 0237, Dec. 1985.
Note that the main source of uncertainty is not that we cannot measure downwelling LW IR. Rather, it is "the difficulty of making representative global measurements." Actual downwelling LW IR fluxes vary wildly with time and location, so finding an accurate global average is problematic, to put it mildly.sealevel.info/MacCracken1985… researchgate.net/profile/Michae…
3/6. Here's the NCA4 version (with my notes about the "radiative imbalance" added). They show downwelling LW IR = 338 to 348 W/m², with a best estimate of 342: sealevel.info/NCA4_global_en…
@joelgombiner @RARohde 1/5》I agree. Without those ice sheets, there's no source for vast influxes of freshwater into the northern North Atlantic, to slow the AMOC.
There are a few key lessons to be learned from Dansgaard-Oeschger events (and D-O #0, a/k/a the Younger Dryas). sealevel.info/learnmore.html…
@joelgombiner @RARohde 2/5》Because D-O terminations had warming trends an order of magnitude faster than current warming, and because nearly all extant species survived those large, sharp warming events, we needn't worry that the current slight warming could cause extinctions. archive.is/aUi9R#selectio…
3/5》Because D-O events only occur during glaciations, and never during interglacials, we can say with confidence that warmer climates are more stable than colder climates.
That might be largely because without the great northern ice sheets, there's nothing which could pour vast quantities of freshwater into the northern North Atlantic, slowing the AMOC.
It's surely also because Planck Feedback is ∝ T⁴, so the warmer the climate gets, the stronger that negative (stabilizing) feedback is.
3/4. The best science shows manmade climate change is modest & benign, and CO2 emissions are beneficial, not harmful. The major harms from CO2 are all hypothetical, and mostly implausible. The major benefits are proven, measured, and very large.