The Bazaar of War Profile picture
Apr 20 9 tweets 3 min read Read on X
Among the most promising military applications of AI is staff work. Tons of routine products—intel summaries, orders, etc.—can be generated much faster by machine. Does this mean staffs will reverse the historic trend and begin to shrink?

No: they’re about to explode in size.🧵 Image
In the Napoleonic era, a divisional or corps staff was never more than a dozen soldiers, whereas today it’s pushing toward a thousand for formations of about the same size. Part of a general trend in tooth-to-tail ratios. Image
The reasons are fairly obvious: modern armies are more complicated, requiring more logistical coordination, fire control, etc.

BUT. There’s a subtler effect at play too: Jevon’s paradox. Simply stated, the more efficiently a resource can be used, the greater the demand.
It’s the story of Eli Whitney and the cotton gin. He thought he could reduce the demand for slavery by creating a labor-saving device for processing cotton. But by increasing the cotton each slave produced, he made them much, much more valuable. Image
Same story with staff work. The more valuable data/products/whatever that each staff member can generate, the greater the demand.

The typewriter, for instance, did not reduce the number of clerks (secretaries); it greatly increased the volume of correspondence. Image
This came at a convenient time, when more information needed to be sent over greater distances. But typewriters also *enabled* more complex operations, requiring more detailed orders, greater coordination, etc., and thereby fueling demand for larger staffs. Image
As an example, consider the situational awareness that persistent surveillance gives HQ—often better than the ground troops. Pair it with AI for threat ID, predictive firing solutions, etc., and you have several staff members micromanaging a single squad.
(This would also completely alter chain-of-command structure, but that’s another story. For more on that, see: )dispatch.bazaarofwar.com/p/drones-trenc…
This is just one example, and not an especially good one—the entire point is that it’s hard to predict new uses for technology until its available in abundance. The one certainty is that that abundance will only grow demand, not shrink it. Image

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More from @bazaarofwar

Apr 15
Africa saw a lot of fighting in both World Wars, but nowhere near the scale or importance of the main theaters.

Secondary theaters are usually a drain on the weaker side, so it’s interesting to compare Germany’s performance in both. 🧵
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The North Africa campaign of WWII is the much more famous of these. It saw the exploits of three of the most famous commanders of the war—Rommel, Montgomery, and Patton—as well as some of the most dramatic back-and-forths. But what were Axis objectives there?

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For Italy, it was a primary theater, one in which to establish a Mediterranean empire.

Things were more complicated for Germany. This was never fully settled, but included:
1. Keep Italy in the war
2. Deny it as a springboard for invasion of Europe
3. Take Egypt, the Middle East Image
Read 16 tweets
Mar 22
The Crusades are fascinating in the way they pitted two very different military systems against each other: Western heavy cavalry v. Turkish horse archers—each probably the best in the world at the time. This drove a lot of innovation at the tactical and also operational level.🧵
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The Crusaders’ great strength was the mounted charge: a line of heavily-armored knights lowering their lances and advancing as one. This was extremely effective especially against the more lightly-armored soldiers they encountered in the East. Image
The Turkish cavalry which formed the core of their adversaries’ armies were well suited to counter this. They fought in companies of ~70-200 men which could maneuver somewhat independently, dashing up to the enemy line and releasing arrows before pulling back. Image
Read 10 tweets
Oct 16, 2023
OTD in 1813 the armies of the Sixth Coalition converged on Napoleon at Leipzig, the decisive showdown of the Napoleonic Wars.

With a nearly 2-to-1 overall advantage, Allied victory was almost assured—the real challenge had been cornering him there. Thread. Image
The Sixth Coalition was formed in March 1813 when Prussia and Sweden declared war on France, encouraged by Russia’s successes the previous year. This forced Napoleon, who was rebuilding his shattered army, to scramble to defend eastern Germany. Image
The campaign fought that spring revealed both sides’ weaknesses. Napoleon won two major battles at Lützen and Bautzen, but was unable to clinch a real victory for lack of cavalry—he had lost tens of thousands of horses on the plains of Russia.
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Read 15 tweets
Sep 13, 2023
The most decisive battle of the past 500 years was fought OTD in 1759, on a windswept Canadian plain by fewer than ten thousand men. It decided the fate of the Americas and shaped world events for centuries to come.

Thread on the Battle of the Plains of Abraham. Image
What became known as the Seven Years' War was formally declared by France and Britain in 1756, although fighting had broken out in the North American colonies two years earlier. British colonials began by pushing over the Appalachians to seize French forts, but were repulsed. Image
It was not until 1758 that the British saw any success, when they seized Louisbourg, a major fortress guarding the entrance to the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and captured the upper Ohio valley. The ground was set for a pincer attack on the St. Lawrence, the heart of French Canada. Image
Read 45 tweets
Apr 27, 2023
A few stories from the past week have shown just how much drones are transforming warfare. It’s not their increased lethality or even their improved targeting for ground-based systems, but one of the biggest command-and-control revolutions of the past century. Thread. Image
The first is an article on Ukraine’s use of drones for indirect fire control. This alone is nothing new—it’s been apparent since last March that guided artillery, far more than ATGMs, has been the most effective weapon of the war.
19fortyfive.com/2023/04/artill…
The article compares Ukrainian indirect fire roles for all types of weapons to sniper rifles. But it only focuses on efficiency, and doesn’t really get into tactical effectiveness. For example, how has Ukraine used that increased efficiency to break up assaults? ImageImage
Read 12 tweets
Apr 27, 2023
Military strategy is supposed to be guided by war aims determined by political figures—this has largely been true for Western nations in the past 200 years. But far more often, the demands of strategy determine the war aims themselves. Thread.
bazaarofwar.substack.com/p/theories-of-…
Consider the case of the Japanese in World War II. In 1942, their aims were to complete the conquest of China and Southeast Asia. But in response to this, the US imposed an oil embargo which crippled their ability to keep fighting. Image
This left the oilfields of the Dutch East Indies as their only potential source, but an invasion would bring the US into the war against them. Continuing the war in Asia therefore meant war with America—which convinced planners to launch a preemptive strike on Pearl Harbor. Image
Read 8 tweets

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