1. Fyodor Dostoevsky's manuscript draft of The Brothers Karamazov
2. Even in his final hours, the night before he died, C.S. Lewis took time to write a letter to a child:
"Dear Philip, to begin with, may I congratulate you on writing such a remarkably good letter; I certainly could not have written it at your age. And to go on with, thank you for telling me that you like my books, a thing an author is always pleased to hear. It is a funny thing that all the children who have written to me see at once who Aslan is, and grown ups never do!"
3. J. R. R. Tolkien's letter from Aragorn to Sam Gamgee, in which the King of Gondor informs the hobbit of his future visit and expresses his desire to "greet all his friends."
This handwritten letter, penned in Sindarin Tengwar, was created as an epilogue to The Lord of the Rings but was not included in the published edition.
4. Having a bad day? Imagine being the editor who opened the mailbox to find this manuscript revised by James Joyce.
5. Leonardo da Vinci—the legendary left handed polymath—famously used mirror writing, where words appear reversed. To this day, his decision to use this method remains a topic of debate among experts:
• Many suggest that it prevented smudging, common for left-handed writers
• Some propose it as a form of reinforcement learning
• Others argue it hindered idea theft
6. Ernest Hemingway's reading list for a young writer
7. Friedrich Nietzsche announces the title of his new book (Thus Spoke Zarathustra) in a letter to Heinrich Köselitz.
8. In 2022, esteemed scholar Virgiliano Rodolfo Signorini urged caution regarding a potentially groundbreaking discovery: a 1295 parchment possibly bearing Dante Alighieri's signature.
This could be the first example of handwriting attributed to Italy's 'national poet' and the father of modern Italian.
9. F. Scott Fitzgerald conjugates "to Cocktail," the Ultimate Jazz-Age Verb, in a 1928 letter to Blanche Knopf.
10. Charles Dickens's handwritten manuscript of Oliver Twist
11. Oscar Wilde’s edits to The Picture of Dorian Gray
12. A 1974 copy of The Gulag Archipelago with a magnificent inscription by Nobel prize–winner Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn
13. In May 1889, as Walt Whitman was approaching his seventieth birthday, Mark Twain wrote a letter of congratulations to "the father of free verse.”
14. William Shakespeare's six surviving signatures are all from legal documents
15. War and Peace handwritten by Leo Tolstoy
16. George Orwell's 1984 manuscript
"The three slogans of the Party:
War is Peace
Freedom is Slavery
Ignorance is Strength"
17. Carl Jung's 1938 letter about Abraham Lincoln
18. A page of Franz Kafka's diaries
19. Marcel Proust’s In Search of Lost Time manuscript
20. This Edgar Allan Poe’s letter pleading for $40 from a Philadelphia editor was sold 173 years later for $125,000.
21. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's handwritten manuscript of Sherlock Holmes
22. Herman Melville declines to write encyclopedia entries: "I am unpracticed in a kind of writing that exacts so much heedfulness" (December 11, 1887)
25. The handwriting of Miguel de Cervantes in a letter written by him to Archbishop of Toledo, 1616
Thank you for reading! If you enjoyed this thread, please share the post and follow our work @CLT_Exam. We are bringing traditional/classical education back to America! Some other great accounts to follow: @soren_schwab, @A_C_C_S, @alecmbianco, @goodwind67, @HootenWilson, @AnikaFreeindeed, @jennfrey, @Culture_Crit
@CLT_Exam @soren_schwab @A_C_C_S @alecmbianco @goodwind67 @HootenWilson I have also recently discovered @JamesLucasIT. He is one of the most electric accounts on this platform. His work inspired this thread. If you are not already following James you need to!
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The modern world uses math to create addictive social media algorithms. The old world used math to create timeless works of shocking beauty.
The most beautiful stained glass in the world
A thread đź§µ
1. Sainte-Chapelle, Paris
2. The rose window of Notre-Dame de Paris
Christian symbolism added a new numerical layer to stained glass geometry.
Rose windows often feature petals in multiples of eight, representing the seven days of Creation plus an “eighth day” symbolizing Christ’s return.
Summer reading from Naples Classical, a Hillsdale affiliated K-12. This is what is what a serious K-12 education looks like đź§µ
Kindergarten
•Make Way for Ducklings, Robert McKloskey
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First Grade
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Second Grade
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2. If you look up in the Church of St. Ignatius of Loyola in Rome, you'll see a ceiling that looks 3D — but it’s actually flat.
This optical illusion, painted by Andrea Pozzo in 1685, demonstrates his remarkable skill in using perspective to deceive the eye.
3. Florence Cathedral
The stunning 38,750-square-foot ceiling of Brunelleschi’s dome features a dramatic Last Judgment, begun by Vasari in 1572 and finished by Federico Zuccari.
In case you missed Jennifer Frey’s New York Times article that is setting the internet on fire — here’s a summary of her powerful critique of how universities are failing students who want a true liberal arts education.
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We're told students today can't read, won't think, and only care about careers.
But Jennifer Frey, a philosopher and former dean at the University of Tulsa, says that's simply not true.
Her firsthand experience offers a far more hopeful — and urgent — story.
As dean of Tulsa’s Honors College, Frey helped create a rigorous, reading-heavy curriculum focused on classic texts and big questions.
Students read thousands of pages each semester and debated ideas in intense Socratic seminars. And they loved it...
15 things you (probably) didn't know about the Sagrada FamĂlia đź§µ
1. It’s the largest unfinished Catholic church
2. GaudĂ designed the columns to resemble trees and branches.
The basilica is often described as "the most extraordinary personal interpretation of Gothic architecture since the Middle Ages.”
3. Its four towers were completed in November 2023, more than 140 years after construction began. They represent the Evangelists: Matthew (angel), John (eagle), Mark (lion), and Luke (ox).
Their completion marks the beginning of the basilica’s final central phase.