1. Fyodor Dostoevsky's manuscript draft of The Brothers Karamazov
2. Even in his final hours, the night before he died, C.S. Lewis took time to write a letter to a child:
"Dear Philip, to begin with, may I congratulate you on writing such a remarkably good letter; I certainly could not have written it at your age. And to go on with, thank you for telling me that you like my books, a thing an author is always pleased to hear. It is a funny thing that all the children who have written to me see at once who Aslan is, and grown ups never do!"
3. J. R. R. Tolkien's letter from Aragorn to Sam Gamgee, in which the King of Gondor informs the hobbit of his future visit and expresses his desire to "greet all his friends."
This handwritten letter, penned in Sindarin Tengwar, was created as an epilogue to The Lord of the Rings but was not included in the published edition.
4. Having a bad day? Imagine being the editor who opened the mailbox to find this manuscript revised by James Joyce.
5. Leonardo da Vinci—the legendary left handed polymath—famously used mirror writing, where words appear reversed. To this day, his decision to use this method remains a topic of debate among experts:
• Many suggest that it prevented smudging, common for left-handed writers
• Some propose it as a form of reinforcement learning
• Others argue it hindered idea theft
6. Ernest Hemingway's reading list for a young writer
7. Friedrich Nietzsche announces the title of his new book (Thus Spoke Zarathustra) in a letter to Heinrich Köselitz.
8. In 2022, esteemed scholar Virgiliano Rodolfo Signorini urged caution regarding a potentially groundbreaking discovery: a 1295 parchment possibly bearing Dante Alighieri's signature.
This could be the first example of handwriting attributed to Italy's 'national poet' and the father of modern Italian.
9. F. Scott Fitzgerald conjugates "to Cocktail," the Ultimate Jazz-Age Verb, in a 1928 letter to Blanche Knopf.
10. Charles Dickens's handwritten manuscript of Oliver Twist
11. Oscar Wilde’s edits to The Picture of Dorian Gray
12. A 1974 copy of The Gulag Archipelago with a magnificent inscription by Nobel prize–winner Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn
13. In May 1889, as Walt Whitman was approaching his seventieth birthday, Mark Twain wrote a letter of congratulations to "the father of free verse.”
14. William Shakespeare's six surviving signatures are all from legal documents
15. War and Peace handwritten by Leo Tolstoy
16. George Orwell's 1984 manuscript
"The three slogans of the Party:
War is Peace
Freedom is Slavery
Ignorance is Strength"
17. Carl Jung's 1938 letter about Abraham Lincoln
18. A page of Franz Kafka's diaries
19. Marcel Proust’s In Search of Lost Time manuscript
20. This Edgar Allan Poe’s letter pleading for $40 from a Philadelphia editor was sold 173 years later for $125,000.
21. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's handwritten manuscript of Sherlock Holmes
22. Herman Melville declines to write encyclopedia entries: "I am unpracticed in a kind of writing that exacts so much heedfulness" (December 11, 1887)
25. The handwriting of Miguel de Cervantes in a letter written by him to Archbishop of Toledo, 1616
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Unpopular opinion: Christopher Columbus was a hero.
He singlehandedly carried the torch of Christianity and Western civilization across the ocean, lighting the dawn of a new world.
A thread on one of the most courageous explorers in history đź§µ
"I should not proceed by land to the East, as is custom, but by a Westerly route, in which direction we have hitherto no certain evidence that any one has gone."
Columbus wrote this on August 3, 1492.
Can you imagine the bravery it took to even consider such a journey?
It cannot be overstated: Columbus literally crossed the Atlantic and opened the Americas to Europe.
That single act set in motion a series of cultural, religious, and intellectual exchanges that have defined the modern world.
Gen Z is rediscovering sacred music. They are drawn to the otherworldliness of it. đź§µ
1. Katie Marshall sings a cappella in the Cloisters of Gloucester Cathedral
2. Blind girl sings Amazing Grace a cappella in a church
3. Composed in 1638, Allegri’s Miserere was originally intended to only be sung during Holy Week, and to never leave the Sistine Chapel in order to preserve the mystery of the music.
Here it is performed by St Paul’s Cathedral Choir.
1. The Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi, begun in 1228, includes two churches (Upper and Lower) and a crypt with the saint’s remains.
Francis was buried on 25 May 1230 under the Lower Basilica, but its burial site remained a mystery until its rediscovery in 1818.
2. Assisi, in Umbria, is both the birthplace and resting place of Saint Francis, and its basilica dates back to 1228.
Designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, it is an iconic Christian pilgrimage destination and serves as an important example of the Gothic style in Italy.
In 1987 American academia was rocked by the release of The Closing of The American Mind.
Bloom was the first to say out-loud what many already knew.
10 chilling quotes from The Closing of the American Mind. đź§µ
1) We are like ignorant shepherds living on a site where great civilizations once flourished. The shepherds play with the fragments that pop up to the surface, having no notion of the beautiful structures of which they were once a part.
2) Fathers and mothers have lost the idea that the highest aspiration they might have for their children is for them to be wise----as priests, prophets or philosophers are wise. Specialized competence and success are all that they can imagine.