1/7. Contrary to Prof. Christopher Taylor's claim, global greening is not "maxed out." That outlier Baozhang Chen study he cited is even contradicted by the IPCC:
2/7. Here's a compilation of that thread (because Twitter/𝕏 keeps shadowbanning my tweetstorms):
@elonmusk, @lindayaX, @support, @premium PLEASE end 𝕏's SHADOWBANNING of replies — even replies to one's own tweets (tweetstorms). What good is a tweetstorm if you can't find the 2nd tweet while viewing the 1st?threadreaderapp.com/thread/1719382…
3/7. Xin Chen et al (2024) refutes that outlier Baozhang Chen et al (2022) study:
Chen, Xin et al (2024). The global greening continues despite increased drought stress since 2000. Global Ecology and Conservation, Volume 49, 2024, e02791, doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2023.e02791.sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
4/7. Here's AR6 WG1 Table 5.1, which shows how natural CO2 removals are accelerating:
As you can see, as atmospheric CO2 levels have risen, the natural CO2 removal rate has sharply accelerated. (That's a strong negative/stabilizing climate feedback.) sealevel.info/AR6_WG1_Table_…
6/7. Here's the caption, saying that natural removal of carbon from the atmosphere is NOT weakening.
(They should've stopped with the word "No." The rest is a muddled attempt at "spin.")
The AR6 authors did PREDICT a "decline" in the FUTURE, "if" emissions "continue to increase." But it hasn't happened yet.
What's more, the "decline" which they predicted was NOT for the rate of natural CO2 removals by greening and marine sinks, anyhow. Rather, if you read it carefully, you'll see that that hypothetical "decline" was predicted just for the ratio of natural removals to emissions.
What's more, their prediction was conditional, depending on what happens with future emissions ("if CO2 emissions continue to increase").
Predictions are cheap. MY prediction is that natural removals of CO2 will continue to accelerate, for as long as CO2 levels rise. (MY prediction is based on scientific evidence, not political spin.)
The "fraction" which AR6 predicts might decline, someday, does NOT represent anything physical, anyhow. It is one minus the equally unphysical "airborne fraction."
Our emission rate is currently about twice the natural removal rate, so if emissions were halved, the removal "fraction" would be 100%, and the atmospheric CO2 level would plateau. If emissions were cut by more than half then the removal "fraction" would be more than 100%, and the CO2 level would be falling.sealevel.info/AR6_FAQ_5.1_NO…
7/7. The greening trend is driven largely by the response of C3 plants (especially trees), to rising CO2 levels. That's the green curve:
As you can see, the CO2 level would have to rise above 1000 ppmv (“0,10”) before the benefits of additional CO2 would significantly diminish.sealevel.info/C3_and_C4_Pfla…
1/10. When climate activists like Prof. Christopher Taylor have the power to block publication and deny tenure to young professors with differing opinions, it corrupts academia and distorts science.
2/10. Scientific consensuses exist about many things, but we don't talk much about them, because we don't disagree about them. If there's a hot debate about the existence of a consensus, it means there's no consensus.
3/10. One of the dishonest tactics used by the parasitic climate industry to promote their products is to pretend there's a scientific consensus that the "climate crisis" is real. That's a plain lie.
1/7. The "nutrition scare" is marketing FUD. Increasing CO2 does not decrease crops' nutritional value, except under contrived circumstances.
I had an impromptu online debate about the nutrition scare with its most prominent promoter, mathematician Irakli_Loladze, in comments on that Quora answer. If you're not a Quora member you can't read it there, so I saved it here:
If you skim it, do not overlook the important fact that since elevated CO2 is especially beneficial for legumes (beans, peas, etc.), which are grown for their high protein content, the rising CO2 level helps mitigate protein shortages in poor countries.
@cosmicfirepeace @a1337sti 2/7. Rising CO2 levels do not increase fires, either. That's climate industry propaganda. Here's what the data show: sealevel.info/learnmore.html…
@cosmicfirepeace @a1337sti 3/7. Rising CO2 levels do not increase droughts, either. That's also climate industry propaganda. Here's what the data show:
1/4. Joe P. wrote, "Averages are meaningless for determining heat"
You mean "confusing" (to you), not "meaningless."
Set your non-Panasonic microwave oven to half-power. It alternates between full power and zero power with a 50% duty cycle. That heats your coffee just as fast as a half-power microwave oven.
2/4. Joe P. wrote, "160w/m2 bb T is -40C, much too low"
You forgot to add roughly 342 W/m² of downwelling LW IR which originates from GHGs in the atmosphere: sealevel.info/NCA4_global_en…
3/4. Joe P. wrote, "It's derived after reducing TSI / 4 unnecessarily"
It accounts for the fact that the average irradiance over a sphere is 1/4th of the peak irradiance at the point where the surface of the sphere is perpendicular to the light source. It is not "unnecessary."
1/7. This PBS piece is extremely misleading. Elevated CO2 greatly improves crop yields, and it mitigates drought impacts, by improving plants' water use efficiency (WUE) and drought resilience. See:
I asked ChatGPT to explain the mechanism by which agronomists have found that elevated CO2 improves crops' WUE and drought resilience. It did a good job:
꧁꧂
In agronomy, the effects of elevated CO2 on plant water use efficiency and drought resilience are extensively studied. One of the key mechanisms through which elevated CO2 levels improve water use efficiency is by reducing stomatal conductance and, consequently, water loss through transpiration.
Stomata are small pores on the surface of plant leaves that regulate gas exchange, including the uptake of CO2 for photosynthesis and the release of water vapor through transpiration. When CO2 levels are elevated, plants can maintain the same or higher rate of photosynthesis while reducing stomatal conductance. This reduction in stomatal conductance leads to a decrease in water loss through transpiration without significantly affecting CO2 uptake, resulting in improved water use efficiency.
Several studies have quantified the effect of elevated CO2 on stomatal conductance and transpiration. For example, a meta-analysis published in 2013 (Kimball et al., 2013) found that under elevated CO2 levels, stomatal conductance decreased by an average of 22%, while transpiration decreased by only 17%. This indicates that plants under elevated CO2 levels were able to reduce water loss more efficiently than they reduced CO2 uptake, leading to an overall improvement in water use efficiency.
Improvements in water use efficiency due to elevated CO2 levels can increase plants' drought resilience by allowing them to maintain adequate hydration during periods of water scarcity. This can be particularly beneficial in arid and semi-arid regions where water availability is limited.
Overall, the literature suggests that elevated CO2 levels can improve water use efficiency in plants by reducing stomatal conductance and water loss through transpiration, which can enhance their resilience to drought conditions.masterresource.org/carbon-dioxide…
2/7. Contrary to climate industry propaganda and misinformation from the leftists at PBS, the scientific evidence is compelling that CO2 emissions and rising CO2 levels are beneficial. Here are some relevant papers: sealevel.info/negative_socia…
3/7. The beneficial effects of elevated CO2 are helping make famines rare for first time in human history. If you're too young to understand how important that is, count yourself blessed! Famine used to be a scourge comparable to war & disease.
1️⃣/4️⃣. That graph shows an estimate of a total of about 500 ZJ added to the the upper 2 km of the oceans since 1955.
Aside: Actually, the first 50 years of the graph are nothing but guesses.
OHC is estimated by models, informed by temperature measurements, made by Argo floats. The first Argo float was deployed in 2000. They didn't reach 3000 units (i.e., one float per 120,000 km²) until 2007.
So the part of their graph prior to about 2005 is 100% codswallop. The kindest thing you can say about it is that it's a plausible guess, consistent with (but you can't say based upon!) convenience samples of sea surface temperatures. It is not data, in any sense.
But never mind that, because that graph also has another problem...
2️⃣/4️⃣. Does it seem odd to you that, even though all the measurements are of temperature, rather than heat content, THEY NEVER REPORT TEMPERATURES?
You should calculate what 500 ZJ means in terms normal people can grok: average water temperature change. If you do that simple exercise, it will be obvious why they do not report it.
3️⃣/4️⃣. I know you won't do it, so I'll do it for you. (You're welcome.)
Total volume of water in the oceans is 1,338,000,000 cubic-km = 1.338e9 km³.
Volume of water in the upper 2000 meters of the oceans: 3.6e8 km² × 0.95 × 2.0 km = 6.84e8 km³ = ≈50% of total ocean volume.
The density of seawater is about 1027 kg/m³ = 1.027 tonne/m³ = 1.027 Gt/km³.
1 Gt = 1e12 kg, so the top 2 km of the world's seawater masses:
7.0e8 Gt × (1e12 kg/Gt) = 7.0e20 kg
So, let's calculate how much energy it takes to warm that much water by 1°C.
Everyone knows 1 cal of energy will raise one gram of fresh water by 1°C, and 1 kcal (1000 cal) warms 1 kg of water by 1°C. 1 cal = 4.184 J, so 4.184e3 J warms 1 kg of pure, fresh water 1°C.
Seawater has an 8% lower specific heat of 3.850e3 J / (kg °C). So:
It takes 7.0e20 kg × 3.850e3 J/kg = 2.695e24 Joules to raise the average temperature of the top 2 km of the oceans by 1°C.
So 500 ZJ (= 5.0e23 J) warms the top 2 km of seawater by an average of (5e23 / 2.695e24) = 0.185 °C, or almost 1/5 of 1°C.