A subtle England penalty shootout innovation (since 2021) is their deliberate, structured & functional use of social psychology.
Here, Saka is picked up by John Stones after his penalty, to swiftly welcome him back in the team.
What did England do and why did they do it? 1/7
Against the Swiss, each English penalty taker had a buddy assigned, who would leave the mid circle and greet the penalty taker back into the group after each kick.
This is consistent with a new trend that teams now not only assign penalty takers, but also assign protectors. 2/7
I assume this buddy would also support their assigned penalty taker if he were to fail.
This was was painfully lacking in 2021, when Rashford walked 50 m alone after his missed shot, while facing a wall of teammates in an interlocked formation as if communicating US vs YOU. 3/7
Now, as opposed to most other teams in the world, England, refreshingly, do NOT interlock their arms in the mid circle.
This looser formation enables flexibility to offer each other functional social support, which is more important than APPEARING to be supportive. 4/7
In the huddle preceding the last shootout, Southgate gathered only the 11 players eligible for penalties (and key staff) - keeping everyone else (including substitutes) out.
Fewer people gave Southgate a better overview to effectively assign both penalty takers & buddies. 5/7
As in 2021, Pickford handed the ball over to English penalty takers, but with a twist - he then re-entered the penalty area together with his teammate, staring down the GK, to create a 2v1 situation against him.
Maybe too effective?
The referee disallowed it from then. 6/7
Don't get caught in the narrative that a penalty shootout is only about individual skill.
It's an emotional & volatile event where structured social support to help each other buffer stress may make a difference.
See much more on this in chapter 4 in my new book: Pressure. 7/7
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The last minutes before penalty shootouts can teach us about managing under pressure.
France's Deschamps doesn't buy into penalty training. This can be spotted.
In the World Cup final, he seemed clueless about who would shoot. Tchouaméni was picked after intensely scanning. 1/8
Argentina's manager Scaloni has a different view: "We always practice penalties."
Ahead of the penalty shootout vs the Netherlands, Scaloni took less than 15 sec to pick 5 penalty takers (Messi was a given).
The swift process communicates confidence and that he has a plan. 2/8
Each of the 5 penalty shootouts in the 2022 World Cup was won by teams whose managers spent the shortest time communicating their tactical/logistical instructions after extra time.
To be brief under pressure could indicate that important decisions were made in advance. 3/8
A penalty shootout is a psychological battle. In the 2023 Women’s World Cup, players on Sweden & USA tried to cope with stress in very different ways.
We cannot see inside their heads, but we can observe micro behaviors & try to infer what they mean.
Here are my best guesses.
The two goalkeepers handed the ball to their penalty takers ahead of each penalty kick. This is a, by now, well-known strategy to give each penalty taker a friendly start to their pre-shot routine.
However, the two teams substantially differed in HOW this hand-off took place.
Naeher, the US GK, did a quick & focused hand-off.
Then, for the first 3 US penalties, Sullivan, Horan & Mewis had a nearly identical pre-shot routine.
✔️Eyes focused on the ball
✔️A 3 sec pause after the whistle
✔️A deep breath prior to run-up
Alexis Mac Allister’s penalty kick against Manchester United s a pure test of performance under pressure.
Penalty at 0-0.
8 minutes into overtime.
One way to maintain calm here is to proactively take control over yourself & the situation.
How did Mac Allister do this? 1/5
First, Mac Allister grabbed the ball early, then moved away from the commotion and chaos around the referee and the penalty spot.
This is likely helpful to keep a clear focus on the task - the imminent shot, and avoid opponents' attempts to disturb and distract. 2/5
When the penalty area is cleared, Mac Allister moves towards the penalty mark, places the ball & takes up a waiting position by the ball – instead of immediately walking back.
I like the composed, step-by-step routine, where HE (and not others) decides when he does what. 3/5
Was this the moment that decided the United v Brighton FA Cup Semifinal?
Wout Weghorst scored his kick, then got the ball and handed it over to Brighton’s Solly March with his own “kiss of death”.
March proceeded to deliver the only miss in the shootout.
Here the details: 1/6
Up until this point, Brighton goalkeeper Sanchez had given the ball to the Brighton players.
This is a routine many teams have employed since England successfully did it at the 2018 World Cup.
The do it to give the penalty taker a “friendly” beginning to their kick routine. 2/6
When Weghorst spotted the ball and handed it over with his personal greeting, he also attracted attention from the referee, who carefully monitored the situation.
While the referee then had his back to De Gea, the United GK started brushing his foot along the penalty mark. 3/6
Lionel Messi has an extraordinary ability to perceive & act appropriately upon critical information on the pitch.
Here is a breakdown of his perceptual, cognitive & emotional performance in key moments of the 2022 World Cup final - starting with his 3-2 goal.
Thread 1/12
For this goal in the 109th minute, Messi scans extensively towards areas off the ball prior to receiving the ball.
In the last 10 seconds before scoring, he has 7 scans (0.7 scans/sec). Initially, his scans are long, allowing him to gather more information from each scan.
2/12
Right before Messi gets the ball the first time, he swiftly redirects his gaze when the ball moves right to left.
A head-to-head gaze comparison with Upamecano shows Messi moving his gaze to imminent ball locations a few 1/10s of a second earlier than the French defender.
3/12
Kylian Mbappé performed EXTRAORDINARY under pressure in the 2022 World Cup final.
At only 23, he scored 4 goals, including 3 penalties, in which the one in the 118' min would secure a loss for France if he were to miss.
What did he do prior to these pressure kicks?
Thread 1/
Background: Mbappé is one of the world’s best & most expensive players. Our study suggests status adds pressure & reduces penalty performance tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.10…
Being a Black player comes w additional risks of racist fallout if he were to miss, adding even more pressure. 2/
Prior to Mbappé's 1st penalty, Argentina’s players try mind games to disturb him.
Acuna lingers around the penalty mark, indicating he wants to scuff it up.
Mbappé puts his left foot down and waits for the referee. He quietly protects the penalty mark, with no extra fuss. 3/