Thread on how deportations of anti-communist insurgents in west Ukraine
The preferred method to deprive insurgents of local manpower was to mobilize into the red army, where locals became ideologically transformed
Nationalist historians inflated the number of deported by 200-300%.
Furthermore, just as many Russian kulaks were deported per capita as west Ukrainian nationalists
Mortality among deported west Ukrainians was far lower than deported Russians
Only 2.3% of Latvians were deported. Recall that 8% of the Latvian population served in the SS, and another sizeable portion in the anti-partisan, antisemitic Nazi police forces.
The USSR did not 'colonize Ukraine/the Balts with Russians'. Russians (and east Ukrainians) moved to the richer Baltic countries of their own will, in search of higher-paying jobs. Local Baltic party leaders were xenophobic towards them.
Balts and Ukrainians dominated local party structures in the countryside. The deportations were carried out by locals.
Russian was sponsored as a means of interethnic communication in a country with 100 ethnic groups. Just as people across the world feel it important to learn English. But the USSR supported local languages and punished officials who tried to replace local languages with Russian
In many Baltic schools, local languages were studied more than Russian was.
Because they were distracted by total war with the Third Reich, the Soviet Union did not pay a great deal of attention to the living conditions of those deported in 1939-41. However, their mortality was still lower than the deported Russian kulaks of the 30s
Post-war deportations had a much lower mortality rate because it was peacetime and the government could focus on welfare for the deported - the large majority survived
Most deaths were among elderly insurgents. For those aged under 60 (the vast majority), only 1% died.
In the context of post-war devastation, the deported actually got off easy. Red Army conscripts had a much higher mortality rate in the difficult years following 1945
Deporting the families of insurgents was highly effective. Insurgents were pardoned and their families returned if they gave up arms
Athough there were abuses against the local population, particularly by the poor local pro-soviet militiamen, hundreds were imprisoned for up to 10 years, and some were even executed
When uncovered, abuses of civilians could be punished by execution
Contrary to banderite mythology, there is no evidence that soviet forces committed false flag atrocities under banderite flags.
Compare the soviet method of dealing with counterinsurgency abuses - executions and harsh jail sentences for hundreds - with the US approach in Iraq
Soviet counterinsurgency was more discriminate in violence towards civilians than western regimes and of course hte Nazis. Comparison of Soviet counterinsurgency to much bloodier, less effective counterinsurgencies in Malaya, South Africa @MarkAmesExiled
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Thread on NKVD covert operations against Ukrainian nationalists, 1944-1953
Faced with a huge network of Banderite tunnels and bunkers, the NKVD split up into small mobile groups to methodically hunt down small groups of insurgents
Soviet authorities considered it particularly important to infiltrate the Ukrainian nationalists with their own agents. This began already in late 1943
- Primary targets of (Baltic, west Ukrainian etc) insurgents were local 'traitors'
- Main class interested in the insurgency was rich peasantry alienated by collectivization
- Deportations were on a class basis, not national
Peasants were won away from the insurgency through popular land reforms and generous amnesties