There's a post on EIP-4844 in the Ethereum research forum from last year where a researcher wrote:
"Projected demand for blob data from L2s is currently 10x lower than the sustainable target and will take 1-2 years to reach that level"
People told him he was wrong, yet his prediction was basically spot on. We're now in the "cold start" phase where demand for blobs hasn't matched the longterm target, leading to near zero blob fees.
I actually think many of the justifications for why he was wrong made sense at the time (storing NFT metadata on blobs was brought up), but this just goes to show how quickly the crypto space moves.
We're in a phase where L2s are able to tap into Ethereum's security essentially for free, without accruing any value back to L1. On a longterm horizon, if we see magnitudes of growth on rollups, blob and settlement costs back to Ethereum will start to add up making this a non-issue.
You've probably heard this line many times, but weren't sure what it meant. So let's fix that.
I present to you the beginner's guide to Account Abstraction - what it is, how it works, and how it'll change crypto apps forever 🧵:
I'm not going to bore you with the technical and implementation details of Account Abstraction (that'll be a future thread).
Instead, this will be a very high-level overview of AA with practical examples of how it has improved the crypto user experience over the last few years.
Put simply, Account Abstraction is a set of frameworks and standards that turbocharge the capabilities crypto wallets (accounts).
You can think of this like taking a 1999 Honda Civic and giving it the ability to fly - it can still work as a car, but now it can do something new.
A beginner's guide to Runes - the new protocol that will bring fungible tokens to Bitcoin at the halving 🧵:
To start, what are fungible tokens?
These are tokens that are not unique in nature, can be divided, and are interchangeable. They exist on other blockchains as ERC20s on EVM chains or SPL on Solana.
Examples include memecoins and governance tokens.
Historically, fungible tokens have not been possible on Bitcoin since it doesn't support smart contracts.
However, with the advent of ordinals, we saw the rise of BRC-20s, which inscribed token data in individual SATs (satoshis) and were processed by off-chain indexers.
EIP-3074 was just approved to go live in the next Ethereum hard fork.
This EIP will forever change how users interact on EVM chains, making wallet UX simpler, cheaper, and more powerful.
Here's a high level overview of EIP-3074 and how it'll change the game 🧵:
The TLDR of 3074 is that it gives EOAs (normal wallets) smart contract capabilities (like account abstraction).
This includes the ability to do single tx approvals, batch txs, wallet asset recovery, sponsored txs, and more.
Let's first talk about the issues with modern wallets.
@lightclients did a great presentation on 3074 which I will reference in this thread.
Here's a list of UX problems - they can be solved through smart contract wallets, but that would force users to migrate wallets which is bad UX and costs money.
We are now 2 days away from Ethereum's Dencun upgrade, the largest fork since the Merge.
Here's a summary of the biggest changes in Dencun and how they'll affect you 🧵:
First off, why the name "Dencun"?
Ethereum has 2 types of clients, an execution client and a consensus client. Each type has its own set of upgrade names.
On the execution side, we have the Cancun upgrade, while the client side has the Deneb upgrade.
Combined, we get Dencun.
1) EIP-4844, proto-danksharding
Sounds scary, but it's a huge step in the right direction for Ethereum scaling. This change has been in the works for 2 years, and introduces "blobs" as ways for rollups to post transaction data.
It also sets the stage for future scaling changes.
The beginner's guide to understanding Bitcoin Ordinals - what they are, how they differ from other NFTs, and why they're here to stay 🧵:
In order to understand ordinals, you first need to understand how Bitcoin works.
Bitcoin uses "unspent transaction outputs" or UTXOs to manage balances. You can think of UTXOs as batches of currency that you own.
Bitcoin transactions result in UTXOs being consumed and created.
If you own 0.5 BTC and send 0.2 to someone, you'll receive a UTXO worth 0.3 BTC and the recipient will receive a UTXO of 0.2 BTC. The txn consumes the original 0.5 BTC UTXO, which will no longer exist.
Each UTXO is made up of satoshis (sat), which is the base unit for Bitcoin.
A lot of people are wondering how @ethena_labs is able to generate a 27% yield on their "internet bond".
Is it black magic? Are they max levered? What's the catch?
To answer those questions, here's a simple explanation of where the Ethena yield comes from 🧵:
Some quick context on Ethena:
Ethena built USDe, a trust-minimized scalable stablecoin that's pegged to the US dollar. They use a combination of staked ETH and perps to maintain the peg.
Ethena also built staked USDe (sUSDe) which generates yield, similar to a traditional bond.
To understand where the 27% yield comes from, we first need to understand how USDe works.
Rather than store a bunch of dollars at a bank (like USDC) to back each token 1:1, USDe uses a combination of Ethereum collateral and perpetual contracts to maintain its peg.