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Aug 24, 2024 18 tweets 10 min read Read on X
Throughout the 1500s, the RENAISSANCE affected the design of Arms and Armor⚔️

Nobles comissioned lavish suits, meant to inspire classical antiquity and mythology, and dressed them for parades and tournaments.

Here's a THREAD🧵 on some of the most beautiful ALLA ANTICA armor.
Archangel Michael, detail from a Polyptic by Carlo and Vittore Crivelli.  The saint, as he slays the devil, is wearing a highly stylized al'antica armor, with a golden muscled cuirass and pteruges.  Circa 1477, at Monte San Martino.
The so called "Griffon Helm", a burgonet from the Musée de L'Armée, made in the 1540s.  The helmet is lavishly embossed with sharp scaled and the overall face of a dragon/griphon. The opening for the face is stylized to appear as the mouth of the monster and it has a detachable cover with more ancient themed embossing.  Extracted from this Tumblr Post by Cimmerian Shadows:  https://portionsofeternity.tumblr.com/post/54932842250/hard-sophoclean-light-the-griffon-helm-around
The extants are mainly from the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Kunsthistorisches (Vienna).

But there's tons of examples in other museums like the Wallace Collection, the Bargello, the Hermitage and I cannot possibly fit them all.

You can check the ALT-Text for references.
A portrait of Duke Guidobaldo II of Urbino   Behind him we can see 2 pieces of Al' Antica armor, attributed to Filippo Negroli. On the left, a grotesque burgonet in the shape of a monster, on the right, a beautiful cuirass with wings and eyes embossed on the breastplate.   Both pieces survive in different museums, the Burgonet can be found at the Hermitage and the breastplate at the Bargello.  Housed at the Metropolitan Museum of Art (Accession Number: 2009.224).   https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/35155
A matching couter and vambrace and lower cullet/skirt/fauld in the al'antica style or fashion. The surface is blackened and embossed with the shape of scales. The edges are fire gilded.   Housed and displayed at the Bargello's Armroy. Pressumably made circa 1545-50 by Filippo Negroli.  Photographed by me.
Let's Begin with a familiar example from the MET.

A mermaid has been embossed on this Burgonet to take the place of the comb often seen on this kind of helmet.

Perhaps we should thank that it's missing the cheekplates, since it served as inspiration for Cainhurst's helmet.
A highly embossed burgonet by Filippo Negroli, embossed all over it's surface with Ancient mythological themes.  The helmet is missing it's cheekplates.  Housed at the Metropolitan Museum of Art.  Accession Number: 17.190.1720  https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/22634
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Continuing on helmets, it's very Typical to see close helmets of various kinds covered in all sorts of embossing built around the eye-slits and face-opening.

Often, these helmets are meant to mimick the appearance of monsters, like this example from Brescia, circa 1550. A menacing close helmet, the visor is shaped to look like the face of a griphon or dragon. The embossing is highlighted with gilding around the areas meant to resemble the monster's mane.  Housed at the Metropolitan Museum of Art.  Accession Number: 29.17  https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/23054
Often times however, the monsters are simply all over the helmet's surfcae, like in this example from Giovan Paolo Negroli.

The italian Negroli family made many of the examples you'll see here and were the most prolific armourers in this style.
A beautiful close helmet embossed with all sorts of creatures and monsters from ancient and medieval mythology including a siren and a dragon, as well as more conventional floral motiffs, highlighted with fire gilding.  The helmet is split in two pieces, the eye slits coincide witht the would be mouth of one of the monsters.  Housed at the Metropolitan Museum of Art.  Accession Number: 26.53  https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/22903
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Here's a particularly BIZARRE looking burgonet housed a the Kunsthistorisches Museum of Vienna.


Our friends at @DCoalition3D made a pretty accurate 3D model of it for MORDHAU. khm.at/en/object/3731…

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Made for Guiobaldo II della Rovere, here's what I consider to be the crowning jewell of the All' Antica style.

A full suit of armor and matching clothing meant to mimick an ancient warrior.

The muscular cuirass is made in multiple pieces to allow for further mobility. Image
According to Bartolomeo Campi, he finished this incredible masterpiece in 2 MONTHS as per request of the prince, even though normally he would've required a full year.

This armor is housed at the Armeria Real, in Madrid.
Full costume armor in all'antica style, composed primarily of a burgonet and full muscled cuirass with pteruges and pauldrons.  Housed at the Armeria Real, Madrid.  Número de inventario: 19000302, A.188  https://www.patrimonionacional.es/colecciones-reales/real-armeria/armadura-la-romana-de-guiobaldo-della-rovere-duque-de-urbino
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A suit made by Filippo Negroli.

The construction of the cuirass is similar to armor seen in eastern europe and turkey, maille interlinked with lames. The helmet is sadly missing it's buffe (facial guard).

Housed at the Kunsthistorisches Musuem, Vienna.
khm.at/de/object/3728…
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The eye catching helmet from the previous armor isn't a completely unique example.

This one belonged to Holy Roman Emperor Charles the Vth, and it's sadly also missing part of it's facial armor, but it at least retains the bevor.

Housed at the Real Armeria, in Madrid.
A highly anatomically shaped helmet. The skull is shaped to resemble curly hair, and it has been fire filded to make it look blonde. The bevor would cover the man's face up to the upper lip, and it has a beard and lips embossed on it.   The 3 holes aoround the large opening ofr the eyes and nose, suggest a piece is missing, that would pressumably complete the helmet with an human shaped face.   Housed at the Armeria Real, Madrid.  Número de inventario: 10000075 – 10000076, D-1; D-2  https://www.patrimonionacional.es/colecciones-reales/real-armeria/juego-de-parada-del-emperador-carlos-v
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And before we move on from these anatomically shaped helmets, here's a particularly well crafted (sadly also very incomplete) example, again from Filippo Negroli.

The cheek-plates are suspected to be Victorian restorations.

Housed at the MET.
metmuseum.org/art/collection…
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We've seen plate, plated-mail, and now here's an all'antica armor made to mimick a roman soldier with maille armor.

Notice the pattern drawn with the gilded rings.

Housed at the Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna.
khm.at/en/object/3732…

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As if the suit wasn't impressive enough on it's own, there's also a full maille barding to match it.

Here's a picture I took myself, as you can probably tell by the poor quality of it. Image
Sometimes the line on what is All'Antica armor and what is simply Renaissance era armor with some period motiffs can be blurry.

Here's a suit from the Musée de l'Armée with scaled embossed all over it's surface.

Note that the cuirass is fully articulated from top to bottom. A 3/4 armor with embossed scales all over it's surface. Some rows of scales seem to be blackened whilst the rest are fire gilded.  The breastplate is fully articulated and the helmet is protected by a Burgonet.
Speaking of scales, here's a particularly fascinating breastplate.

It's made of steel, but the surface has been covered with actual scales carved from bone.

The Hermitage museum currently dates it to the 6th century. I pressume they meant to type 16th c. A breastplate from the late 16th century made of steel. The surface has been covered with bone carved in the shape of human faces, but primarily scales. The hole surface has a white-ivory finish.  Housed at the State Hermitage Musuem in St Petersburg.   Inventory Number: З.О.-3067  https://www.hermitagemuseum.org/wps/portal/hermitage/digital-collection/!ut/p/z1/nZFPU4MwEMW_Sj1wEzf8SYAjg45ap6JoC-TCpDRUaEkoZKzjpzd4cpxpGc0p2dm8_e17QCEDKth7vWWqloLt9TunpIjDkFhOhOZxhK9RGCdPOIkeb5Hlwgoo0L3YQs7FeC2F6tQb5DvW1kPBhYGOst8NM1nNWK8MZOGr2ZGzTorhUlda2RuIENexgvF3V9YbyN0SM8x9z6yQjUzXr5AZcE7Mtc_sIFgHZFPZkH6To...
Here's a heavily decorated example from the Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna.

The armor is matched to quite a few weapons including a pike for the hunt, as well as a rotella shield.

The surface is of course covered in plenty of classical motiffs.
khm.at/en/object/3751…
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Finally, here's a closer look at the details on this armor and the matching shield.

Housed at the Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna.
khm.at/en/object/3751…

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I hope you guys enjoy these kind of compilation threads.

I don't know wether this will become a regular thing or not, but I assume it's quite helpful to publish these reference-dumps from time to time.

In a future I will talk about All'Antica armor in more detail. Image

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More from @Knightly_H

Aug 16, 2024
FANTASY vs HISTORY

THREAD 🧵 on WAR HAMMERS

This will work as a little introduction to how they worked in reality as opposed to how they're often portrayed in media.▶️Robert Baratheon at the Trident, by Mike S. Miller.
Art by Anatoly Telenik
Wether it's because of videogames, DnD, Fantasy books or otherwise war hammers are popularity perceived as this massive weapons, mainly due to the fantasy genre.

They're a slow but devastating weapon that big strong men wield to beat armor.

How does this compare to history? Hammer by Black Beard Projects
So,

In Europe, we find big two handed hammers and much smaller, one handed hammers (and in betweens).

To my knowledge:

None were called "war hammers" back in the day.

The largers ones were mostly referred to as "axes", and the smaller ones were often simply called "hammer".
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Read 14 tweets
Aug 15, 2024
I saw this meme and thought this could be a good topic for a small THREAD🧵

So let's talk about WAR HAMMERS.

It will work as a little introduction to how they worked in reality as opposed to how they're often portrayed in pop media ▶️Image
Wether it's because of videogames, DnD, books or otherwise war hammers are popularity perceived as these massive weapons, mainly due to the fantasy genre.

They're a slow but devastating weapon that big strong men wield to beat armor.

How does this compare to history?Image
So,

In Europe, we find big two handed hammers and much smaller, one handed hammers used in war.

To my knowledge:

None were called "war hammers" back in the day.

The largers ones were mostly referred to as "axes", and the smaller ones were often simply called "hammer".
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Read 14 tweets
Aug 1, 2024
Let's talk about Ghibli movies and War⚔️

Something that I really appreciate about them is that despite being heavily anti-war there's great attention to detail in all things military.

Here's what I've noticed▶️

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A lot of this is attributed to the studio's recurrent director: Hayao Miyazaki, and it's his movies Im gonna talk about.

A man who highly values realistic depictions of humanity, even in fantasy stories.

Apparently this is where those "anime was a mistake" memes come from, btw. Image
Despite having witnessed the horrors of war (for which he has a clear disdain) Miyazaki has admitted to still being fascinated by it.

That fascination paired up with his work philosophy has given us very interesting depictions of war and warriors.

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Read 26 tweets
Apr 17, 2024
Ignoring the Eurocentrism in his ideas of what qualifies as disciplined:

Both "Eastern" and "Western" armies used the same kinds of units for shock tactics and holding the line.

There are differences for sure, but Asian warfare is not only about hit and run tactics.

A unit of Ashigaru, armed with yari (pikes/spears).  Illustrated by Howard Gerrard.
Drawing/photography of a Kapikulu sipahi, the heavy cavalry of the Ottoman Empire.  Unknown author.   This kind of warrior is mostly associated to the Knights of Europe, but it originates in the Parthian (modern day Iran) cathapracts.
As a matter of fact:

Those allegedly undisciplined horse-archers would often engage in close quarters combat DESPITE not being as heavily armored as their foes.

If that's not a sign of courage or discipline idk what is. A detail of the Kleiner Mariazeller Wunderaltar, 1517, Germany.  The altarpiece shows a group of knights charging a group of pressumably turkish akinci (horse archers).
European nobility also engaged in ranged warfare, either directly or with agents.

And Muslim warriors also liked to face their enemies head on.

During the taking of Granada many duels were fought at the gates of the city, the defenders wanted to fight, and mostly won.
The Riding School of Jacob De Gheyn, 1599.  European rider shooting an arquebus from horseback.  The soldier wears half armor and an helmet (burgonet) with a falling buffe.
A cavalry duel outside the city of Granada, during the final siege of 1492.  It showscases a muslim rider striking down a christian knight.   By Angus McBride.
Read 5 tweets
Apr 5, 2024
Sword's reputation seems to be at an all time low.

I think it's time for a new Historical THREAD📜

Let's Talk about SWORDS IN WAR⚔️
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Art by: Graham Turner
Over the years a lot of people have made an effort in order to dignify polearms by highlighting their advantages over swords (mainly range and power).

This has sadly led many into viewing swords as merely back-up weapons or even just symbolic. Image
ALL weapons have advantages and disadvantages.

Swords are versatile, easy to carry and can the BEST weapon to have at hand depending on context, hence why they were used so much.

And across this thread, I’ll provide you with arguments and sources to back this up. Image
Read 21 tweets
Mar 17, 2024
There's a 16th century version of football, still practiced today in Italy, where (nowadays) you can punch, elbow and take down your opponents.

It's called "Calcio Storico" or "Calcio Fiorentino", it was resurrected in 1930.

La bella Italia.


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And yes, it's bare knuckle. Image
Pisa also used to have a fairly violent public game, named "Gioco Del Ponte" in which two teams fought over a stone bridge.

Sadly they only parade with their armor nowadays the game itself is merely a pushing contest.

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Read 4 tweets

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