Misunderstandings about #Telegram & encryption are already shaping the conversation about Pavel Durov's detention. So, here's a primer.
Telegram is often seen as an "encrypted messenger" but for many users it functions a lot more like an unencrypted social network. 1/
2/ Remember, most #Telegram features are not end-to-end-encrypted, e.g.:
No e2e encrypted by default:
❌Regular messages
Never e2ee:
❌ Groups
❌Channels
E2ee only when you opt into:
✅ Secret chats
If you see an❌ this means that Telegram can/could access the contents.
3/ Absence of end-to-end encryption across much of the platform means #Telegram has the keys & could technically be compelled to moderate & give governments access to that user activity.
The potential for access inevitably draws gov attention to #Telegram & CEO Pavel Durov.
4/ Because of the large slice of activity on #Telegram that is not & has never been end-to-end encrypted, Pavel's detention is clearly alarming many Telegram users left wondering about the privacy of what they have said in the past & who might be able to access it.
5/ In any conversation about #Telegram * encryption, it is also worth nothing longstanding concerns expressed by cryptographers around the in-house designed encryption.
6/ Recap: much still unknown about what France wants from Pavel Durov's unprecedented detention.
In the meantime, it is key to understand which content on #Telegram...can be accessed by Telegram... and which has been protected, in theory, even from Telegram, with e2ee.
Because that frames what a state could potentially ask Telegram to do (e.g. 'supply us these chats' ... 'you should moderate in this way' etc.), or the asks they might have been making.
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NEW: Researchers find microplastics in human brains.
Moreover, shards of microplastics in autopsied brain tissue increased between samples collected in 2016 vs. 2024.
Frontal cortex tissue (executive function, learning & memory, judgement...) concentrations were 7-30x those previously found in livers & kidneys.
Incredibly alarming potential implications for #AlzheimersDisease, dementia, blood brain barrier health etc.
Caveats: early days in methodology for spotting & characterizing these particle loads & understanding their impacts on brain health.
And that's just focusing on the physical particles.
There's a whole second disturbing tier of questions around what potentially toxic compounds like plasticizers will leach from #microplastics, especially as the particle size gets smaller.
2/ There doesn't appear to be a place on earth that hasn't got a microplastics load.
Dust in the atmosphere? Yep. The ocean? Yep. Creatures in it? Yep. Ocean breezes by the seashore? Yep.
Now our brains.
It's like the radioisotopes from atmospheric nuclear testing. Only there's no test ban in sight, and more are pouring into the ecosystem with every moment.
But the impact on us and our world are shockingly ill- understood.