"The use of antivirals to reduce the risk of long COVID is grounded in the hypothesis that viral persistence and possible ongoing replication of SARS-CoV-2 are major mechanistic pathways responsible for long COVID..
[Growing] Data from multiple settings have shown evidence of viral persistence (ie, persistence of viral RNA or protein fragments) for months or years in multiple organ systems including the gut, brain, kidneys, and blood vessels..
Evidence also suggests the presence of subgenomic RNA (a surrogate marker of viral replication) in solid tissue obtained months after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
A recent study this year has showed persistence of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA and sustained (up to 2 years) tissue-based T-cell activation in people with mild-acute COVID-19 [and long COIVD symptoms].
This study also showed the presence of double-stranded RNA (indicating active viral transcription and replication) in some patients up to nearly 2 years following initial infection..
these data suggest ongoing replication or transcriptional activity and possible persistence of active SARS-CoV-2 reservoirs that could drive long-term tissue-based immune disturbances.."
@PaulRoundy1 No, Paul. I see that the neurologic complications in children is becoming more prevalent since last year (i.e., after the appearance of the Omicron strain).
@PaulRoundy1 FYI, in Japan, among the officially reported COVID deaths of children from Jan. to Sep., 2022, the major endogenous cause was central nervous system symptoms (19/50; 38%), which is much higher than circulatory (18%) & respiratory (8%) ones.
@PaulRoundy1 I should note that, as a feature of deaths due to the central nervous system abnormalities, the durations from onset to death of those children were quite short: 3.0 days in median with 0-2 days: 46%, 3-6 days: 29% & 7 days or more: 25%).
Let me note below the failures that we experienced in international cooperation for controlling the COVID-19 pandemic: 1) the lack of timely notification of the initial outbreak of COVID-19;
...
(1/6)
2) costly delays in acknowledging the crucial airborne exposure pathway of the virus, and in implementing measures; 3) the lack of coordination among countries regarding suppression strategies;
(2/6)
4) the failure of governments to examine evidence and adopt best practices for controlling the pandemic; 5) the shortfall of global funding for low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs);
(3/6)
1/11
The National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID), the authority on infectious disease issues in Japan, published a report on 30 June 2022 entitled "Acute hepatitis of unknown etiology in children in Japan (1st report)".
2/11
The report revealed details of pathogen testings regarding the children's acute hepatitis for different age groups based on of a survey performed by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare of Japan (& NIID) for the period from 1 October 2021 to 23 June 2022.
3/11
Among 62 children (male: 34, female: 28, median age: 5 yo) with the acute hepatitis of unknown etiology,
- 57 of 61 cases (93%) were detected in the week of 14 February 2022 or later.
- 12 of 55 cases (22%) were at least once vaccinated;
2/3 The 62 cases met the following criteria:
-Period: From October 1, 2021 to June 23, 2022;
-Patient: Hospitalized children of 16 y/o or younger;
-Symptoms: Acute hepatitis with AST or ALT exceeding 500 IU/L without involvement of hepatitis A to E viruses.
3/3 Among the 62 cases,
- adenovirus positive: 5 cases (type 1 & 2: 2 cases and type unknown: 3 cases);
- SARS-CoV-2 positive:5 cases;
- these PCR tests were performed when their symptoms were recognized;
- liver transplant: 0;
- 7 cases are still under complete checkup.