When Solzhenitsyn took the podium at Harvard in 1978 to offer the commencement address he was dearly loved by the media and America’s elite.
When he finished he knew he would be an outcast for life.
Here’s what he said. 🧵
1) Socialism of any type and shade leads to a total destruction of the human spirit and to a leveling of mankind into death.
2) Should one point out that from ancient times declining courage has been considered the beginning of the end?
3) A decline in courage may be the most striking feature which an outside observer notices in the West in our days.
4) Even biology knows that habitual, extreme safety and well-being are not advantageous for a living organism. Today, well-being in the life of Western society has begun to reveal its pernicious mask.
5) The defense of individual rights has reached such extremes as to make society as a whole defenseless against certain individuals.
6) Hastiness and superficiality are the psychic disease of the 20th century and more than anywhere else this disease is reflected in the press.
7) I have received letters in America from highly intelligent persons, maybe a teacher in a faraway small college who could do much for the renewal and salvation of his country, but his country cannot hear him because the media are not interested in him.
8) But should someone ask me whether I would indicate the West such as it is today as a model to my country, frankly I would have to answer negatively. No, I could not recommend your society in its present state as an ideal for the transformation of ours.
9) A fact which cannot be disputed is the weakening of human beings in the West while in the East they are becoming firmer and stronger.
10) There are meaningful warnings which history gives a threatened or perishing society. Such are, for instance, the decadence of art, or a lack of great statesmen.
11) Only moral criteria can help the West against communism's well planned world strategy. There are no other criteria.
12) In spite of the abundance of information, or maybe because of it, the West has difficulties in understanding reality such as it is.
13) And yet -- no weapons, no matter how powerful, can help the West until it overcomes its loss of willpower. In a state of psychological weakness, weapons become a burden for the capitulating side.
14) In the American democracy at the time of its birth, all individual human rights were granted because man is God's creature. That is, freedom was given to the individual conditionally, in the assumption of his constant religious responsibility.
15) All the glorified technological achievements of Progress, including the conquest of outer space, do not redeem the 20th century's moral poverty which no one could imagine even as late as in the 19th Century.
16) Not by coincidence all of communism's meaningless pledges and oaths are about Man, with a capital M, and his earthly happiness. At first glance it seems an ugly parallel: common traits in the thinking and way of life of today's West and today's East?
17) Liberalism was inevitably displaced by radicalism; radicalism had to surrender to socialism; and socialism could never resist communism.
18) In our Eastern countries, communism has suffered a complete ideological defeat; it is zero and less than zero. But Western intellectuals still look at it with interest and with empathy.
19) Even if we are spared destruction by war, our lives will have to change if we want to save life from self-destruction.
20) If the world has not come to its end, it has approached a major turn in history, equal in importance to the turn from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance.
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For centuries, churches were the tallest structures in the world. This reality not only shaped skylines, but the orientation of culture itself.
The tallest churches on Earth - a thread🧵
1. At 157 m (515 ft), Cologne Cathedral is the tallest twin-spired church in the world.
2. Ulm Minster is the tallest church in the world, with its majestic spire reaching an height of 161.5 m (530 ft).
The spire was originally planned to be shorter but was raised to surpass the height of Cologne Cathedral.
3. Sagrada Família, Barcelona
This is the largest unfinished Catholic church in the world: once the Jesus Christ spire is completed, it will become the tallest church building on Earth — 11 metres (36.1 ft) taller than the current record-holder, Ulm Minster.
Details you missed and things you (probably) didn't know about the Roman Pantheon 🧵
1. This takes place at noon every Pentecost
2. The Pantheon is one of the best-preserved monuments from Ancient Rome.
Since the 7th century, it has functioned as a church dedicated to St. Mary and the Martyrs, and it also houses the tombs of several Italian kings as well as the artist Raphael.
3. Each year on April 21, one of history’s most stunning special effects takes place in the Eternal City.
At midday on Rome’s traditional birthday, sunlight streams directly through the oculus, illuminating the entrance.
Stepping in, the Emperor was bathed in celestial light.
Thread of religious wonders so surreal you won't believe they exist 🧵
1. Sumela Monastery, Turkey, 386 AD
2. Sanctuary of Madonna della Corona, Italy
Perched over 2,000 feet above sea level on Mount Baldo in Italy, this sanctuary overlooking the Valdadige Valley is one of the country's most famous sites dedicated to the Virgin Mary.
3. The Ancient Greek temple of Apollo in Naxos looks like a "star gate"