Very interesting read on Soviet combat engineering & river crossing tactics. A few things stuck out to me based on casual observations of the war in Ukraine.
Some of the more recent pontoon bridging examples seen in Kursk & elsewhere did not seem to follow their own established doctrines - many of these attempts appeared extraordinarily hasty but also completely unsupported. Is this indicative of an atrophy in engineer training?
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This could also simply be a side effect of Ukraine achieving surprise. From the Russian point of view, a few hastily assembled pontoons sent to the bottom are a suitable tradeoff for evacuating armor & men from encirclement - assuming they make their escape.
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One point away from my engineer training atrophy theory is noting how sturdy the defenses were in Zaporizhzhia during the 2023 counteroffensive. There was no easy day in the face of defenses like these. Bridging, however, is it's own animal - and carries different risks.
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The second item that really stands out is more of a reminder: NATO needs significantly more wet-gap crossing capabilities for Europe.
Should a major war kick off, shortages would immediately become apparent as crossings are targeted w/ long range fires & drones.
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The U.S. has not conducted contested wet-gap crossing operations against a true peer in decades.
We can expect higher losses of bridging equipment and material than we are able to replace.
Fortunately, lessons from Ukraine are being applied.
I'm working on a more in depth article & video discussing this very topic, but wanted to share a few quick thoughts based on some personal takeaways from that thread.
Is the Russian wet-gap crossing experience in Ukraine indicative of poor training, bad luck, or is it simply a reflection of how difficult a contested crossing operation is in the age of cheap drone swarms and long range fires?
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What has sometimes been described "largest shipwreck in the Western Hemisphere" is in the United States, but perhaps not where you think.
It is not off the coast of the Carolinas, or Florida, though. It instead sits roughly 30 miles south of Washington D.C.
It is the "Ghost Fleet of the Potomac" at Mallows Bay.
Short 🧵1/
By the year 1917, Europe was still fully engaged in the First World War. At the time, the Germans were sinking over 200 ships a month - or one out of every four leaving England.
U.S. President Woodrow Wilson, having just declared war on Germany, decided one of his first acts would be to embark on a massively ambitious shipbuilding program - 1000 steamships in just 18 months.
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This was no limited effort: nearly 200 companies in over 20 states took part in the efforts, competing against each other to see who could build the most in the shortest period of time.
One ship, the 290ft/88m "Aberdeen", was built and put to sea just 17.5 days after construction began.
In the spring of 1864, General Ulysses S Grant began his "Overland Campaign", an ambitious attempt to end the war by destroying the Army of Northern Virginia, led by Robert E Lee, and take the Confederate capital of Richmond. By June, however, Union assaults and attempts to outmaneuver Lee's forces had failed, resulting in a stalemate.
Grant decided on another ambitious plan: Union Army engineers would conduct one of the most consequential bridging operations in early modern military history.
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In order to starve out the entrenched Confederate forces defending Richmond, Grant set his sights on the city of Petersburg, Virginia - 20 miles south of Richmond. Petersburg served as a vital commercial and transportation hub for the Confederate military.
In order to achieve this, however, Grant would have to cross the James River - all the while masking his true intentions.
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Fortunately, the Engineers of the Union Army were experienced. Since the beginning of the campaign, they had already built 38 separate pontoon bridges, with an aggregate length of 6,458 feet.
Major Nathaniel Michler, acting chief engineer of the Army of the Potomac, later commented:
“The facility, ease and promptness with which a thoroughly trained body of engineer troops can accomplish such important duties, also bear testimony to the zeal, energy, and ability displayed by both officers and men, and to the important services rendered by this arm of the service, not only during the weary marches of a long and trying campaign, but also in the preparation and execution of the more tedious [later] operations of the siege [of Petersburg].”
The US needs to purge the "dead wood" from the ranks once again.
“The difficulties of leadership which existed in 1917-18 have been enormously multiplied today by the increased mobility and fire power of modern armies, and the necessity for vigorous commanders is greater now than it has ever been before.”
An op-ed 🧵(views are 100% my own, and don't reflect any policies or views of any organization).
General George C Marshall was appointed the 15th Chief of Staff of the U.S. Army on September 1st, 1939 - just a few hours after Hitler launched his invasion of Poland.
He assumed command of a 190,000-man force ranked 19th in the world, behind Portugal and ahead of Bulgaria.
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A veteran of the Philippines and World War 1, Marshall knew that the U.S. would soon be fighting on foreign shores - and that the Army wasn't ready.
He set his sights on the "dead wood" within the force: officers in their fifties and early sixties, many of them superannuated colonels.
What does Sweden bring to #NATO? Been discussed a few times, and though Sweden has closely cooperated with NATO for years, it's worth a refresher.
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Sweden's southern coast faces Kaliningrad, the home of Russia's Baltic Fleet. Though it has a relatively small naval force, it operates advanced submarines/watercraft, and could seriously impact an adversary's plans in the Baltic Sea.
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Though a fraction of the size it was during the Cold War, and is weathering the familiar struggles to attract/retain recruits from the private sector, the Swedish Armed Forces have some of the most advanced offensive cyber capabilities in the world.