Israel's interest in the Litani River has been longstanding, with roots in early Zionist ambitions during the 1919 Paris Peace Conference where Chaim Weizmann and David Ben-Gurion presented a map for a proposed Jewish state that included the Litani River in Lebanon. 
Despite their future successes in establishing Israel in 1948, they could not secure the Litani due to the Sykes-Picot Treaty of 1915 which had already established the border between Lebanon and Palestine.
This enduring colonial interest, which has not been realized has led to several military operations, including "Operation Litani" in 1978 and the 1982 invasion. These campaigns aimed to secure control over the Litani River and push Palestinian forces away.
Currently, while Israel is massacring Lebanese people, the real objective is to push Hezbollah back behind the Litani River, demonstrating Israel's ongoing colonial ambitions in Lebanon as Netanyahou was clear in his statement of the need to push Hezbolah beyound the Litani River
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