Unichain embodies the movement of the modern crypto stack - owning every layer except the L1 – showcasing the evolution from single crypto application to crypto platform.
Over time, I expect more applications to mirror @Uniswap where the core application benefits from synergies of the protocol and, eventually, it's own chain.
The properties of the protocol layer allow for composability and permissionless access while the application layer offers greater defensibility and a tangible moat.
L2s offer more specialized usage and control over economics and blockspace, which offer synergies with the protocol and application layer.
By verticalizing the stack, in turn, Uniswap (App + protocol + chain) starts to look more like a platform where Uniswap controls a few key applications (e.g. wallet, swaps front-end, uniswapX) but offer other applications a way to build adjacent apps on top of the protocol and chain.
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Some insights for founders into the current state of crypto fundraising and some of my personal prediction on the future of crypto venture capital
👇
Setting the stage: It's tough out there
Fundraising is challenging because of upstream DPI and LP capital challenges.
Across the broader venture landscape funds are returning less dollars to LPs on the same timeframe of previous vintages. This in turn results in less dry capital to existing and new VCs which results in a tougher fundraising environment for founders.
What does this mean for crypto venture?
2025 slows on deals, but matches 2024 capital deployment pace
- Slower deal count potentially related to many VCs coming towards end of funds with less dry powder to deploy
- Still some large deals getting done by larger funds hence capital deployment being on pace to prev two years
Three Big Trends in DeFi:
1️⃣ Consumer DeFi – fintech-grade UX meets onchain yields
2️⃣ Real World Assets (RWAs) – the bridge to TradFi capital
3️⃣ DeFi as Platforms – evolving from standalone apps to DeFi platforms
Let’s break it down 👇
Trend 1: Consumer DeFi 📱
Consumer grade crypto apps are coming.
Think fintech-like UX but crypto backends focused on…
💡 Opinionated discovery
📱 Mobile first
📈 Power-user features (e,g. multi-collateral leverage)
⚡ Seamless onchain interactions
UX is key. 🚪
Tech is catching up:
🔗 Chain abstraction
🔐 Smart wallets
📱 Mobile-first interfaces
Together, these unlock easy-to-use crypto apps that feel just like fintech—but with DeFi on the backend.
While the world is no longer early to Bitcoin, we're still in the early innings of stablecoins with only 20-30 million monthly active users of stablecoins.
Over the course of the next decade, I expect this number to grow significantly as hundreds of millions of users interact with stablecoins – directly or indirectly – in their daily lives.
Some of the stablecoin opportunities we're excited about:
Great recent newsletter from @artemis__xyz about stablecoin activity.
Some takeaways that I thought were interesting 👇
The on and offramp space, once dominated by Moonpay continues to grow more competitive.
Recently, traditional large fintech Revolut has grown as a leading stablecoin onramp provider.
Exchanges are still key liquidity hubs for specific regions and corridors. For instance, stablecoin remittance activity from U.S. based CEX's like Coinbase and Kraken @Bitso has nearly doubled in 2024.
Stablecoin activity will be most impactful in emerging market corridors like LATAM, South East Asia, and Africa.
Thought provoking essay but I still stand in the fat app thesis camp.
While horizontal wallets certainly capture value today I think Applications will be better positioned than wallets in the future.
Applications will capture more value than horizontal wallets because: 1) Wallet fragmentation will happen. All large apps will launch their own wallets. 2) Every app in the future will be its own wallet capturing order flow and attention. 3) Crypto’s inevitable shift to mobile will favor applications over horizontal wallets.
1) All apps want to own the end user.
Wallets are increasingly commoditized and every sufficiently large app launches its own wallet - Uniswap, Coinbase, Magic Eden, Jupiter, etc.
I also disagree with the statement: “If an application increases its take rate, will users leave for a cheaper alternative?” Apps with retail users are sticky just like wallets are sticky.
The top applications all maintain healthy take rates - Uniswap, Magic Eden, Aave, Jupiter, Raydium.
2) Future apps launch with their own wallets.
There’s a reason we see fewer horizontal wallet companies being built today. New apps (whether consumer or defi) launch with their own wallets by default because of access solutions like Privy and Turnkey. It’s never been easier to integrate a wallet into an app. While horizontal wallets today have an advantage, new apps of the future can onboard users to their wallets directly. Apps like Farcsster are a one good example on this trend- people onboard to Warpcast directly.
Telegram bots are another perfect example of this - they’re first and foremost exchanges / trading apps but have wallets by default. They’ve grown because they offer better products (more social and convenient) that horizontal wallets.
Chain abstraction also arguably decreases the stickiness of Fat Wallets because it gets easier to move asset. Abstraction allows apps to vampire attack horizontal wallets to easily move funds to its own app integrated wallet without the user knowing or caring.
The superpower of crypto is creating new assets and markets.
Now, I try to ask the question – how could this business become an exchange? For certain businesses it’s very clear, but for others, it requires some imagination.
Let’s talk about exchanges, and where to find them 👇
One of the most common and successful business models in crypto is the exchange model which is why we've seen so many companies and protocols eventually adopt the exchange business model.
Exchanges are well-positioned to develop in scenarios were:
- New assets emerge onchain
- Apps control distribution and can introduce transactional behavior
- New services emerge that impact valuable onchain state or are somehow connected to transactions
- Crypto games control their own asset issuance and have open economies
- Developer platforms can introduce service marketplaces or auction houses for transactions