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Nov 1 17 tweets 6 min read Read on X
Imagine a room so dazzling it once captivated emperors and was dubbed the "Eighth Wonder of the World."

Chances are you never heard of it, but even worse, it vanished without a trace. 🧵⤵️ The amber room on a 2004 postage stamp.   Wikipedia, Public Domain
Considered by some the “Eighth Wonder of the World,” the Amber room was a stunning creation made from six tons of amber and decorated with gold leaf, mirrors, and mosaics.

Originally crafted for the Prussian King in 1701, it was designed to dazzle. Hand-coloured photograph of the original Amber Room, 1931  Photo by Branson DeCou - Courtesy Special Collections, UC Santa Cruz, (direct link), Public Domain,
The Amber Room’s story took a dramatic turn when it was gifted in 1716 to Russia’s Peter the Great, symbolizing a strong alliance with Prussia against Sweden.

Transported to Russia in 18 large crates, the room eventually found a grand home in St. Petersburg. Peter the Great with a black page, by de:Gustav von Mardefeld, a Prussian diplomat, who attended the peace congress on Åland between 1717–1719. Wikipedia. Public Domain.
After being transferred to the Catherine Palace, Italian architect Francesco Bartolomeo Rastrelli expanded the Amber Room to match its larger setting.

The additions made it a 180-square-foot masterpiece, unmatched in opulence and beauty.
In its prime, the Amber Room was worth a staggering $176 million in today’s terms.

It wasn’t just a room but a private retreat for Czarina Elizabeth, a gathering space for Catherine the Great, and a cherished piece for Alexander II. Restored version of the Amber Room
Few outside the Russian court ever glimpsed the Amber Room, yet its fame spread like wildfire across Europe.

It became a symbol of Imperial Russia’s grandeur and excess, a room so lavish that it embodied the very decadence of the empire. A Replica of the Amber Room Credit: vocal.media/ Maxwell C
Remarkably, it endured even as revolution swept through Russia; while other symbols of the old regime were torn down, the Amber Room’s beauty protected it.

Unlike the destruction that marked China's Cultural Revolution, the Soviet rulers saw it as more than just a relic of the past.

They recognized its unmatched artistry and left it untouched, a rare gem preserved amid the upheaval.Petrograd (Saint Petersburg), July 4, 1917 2PM. Street demonstration on Nevsky Prospekt just after troops of the Provisional Government have opened fire with machine guns.  Wikipedia. Public Doman
During WWII, when Nazi forces approached, Russian curators attempted to conceal the Amber Room by covering it with wallpaper.

Unfortunately, the room’s dazzling beauty was hard to disguise, and German forces soon uncovered it. Königsberg Castle after extensive Soviet bombing in 1944. Süddeutsche Zeitung/Courtesy Workman Books
In 1941, Nazi soldiers meticulously disassembled the Amber Room and transported it to Königsberg, where it was reinstalled in a museum.

Here, museum director Alfred Rohde studied the masterpiece and safeguarded it for a brief time. Königsberg Castle and Courtyard, c. 1900.   Photo credit: United States Library of Congress/public domain
As the war turned against Germany, Rohde was ordered to dismantle the Amber Room once again in 1944.

Packed into crates, the room’s whereabouts became one of WWII’s enduring mysteries, with theories ranging from destruction to hidden treasure. Burg Hartenstein im Abendlicht. Possible location of the Amber Room Fotograf:	Thomas Geiger Copyright:	Thomas Geiger Original-Datei:	TDG20160607_Hastein086_HDR.jpg
Theories about the Amber Room’s fate are plentiful.

Some believe it was loaded onto a ship that later sank, while others suggest it was hidden in Königsberg’s tunnels or lost in a bombed castle. A diver inspects the wreckage of the German vessel The Karlsruhe, which was hoped to contain the missing treasure from the Amber Room that was stolen by the Nazis after being raided and looted in 1945.  Credit: Daily Mail UK Sami Paakkarinen
In a glimmer of hope, a small piece of the Amber Room surfaced in 1997 when a former German soldier’s family tried to sell it. This “souvenir” offered a tantalizing clue but no clear answers. A block of rough amber next to a carved work for the recreation of the Amber Room.   Photo: Patrick Aventurier / Gamma-Rapho Getty Images.
The Soviet Union initiated an ambitious reconstruction in 1979.

Using black-and-white photographs of the room, craftsmen spent over two decades recreating it, resulting in a breathtaking replica at the Catherine Palace, completed in 2003. Reconstructed Amber Room, 2003 Photo By Chatsam - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0,
The Amber Room’s replica now attracts countless visitors in St. Petersburg, bringing the allure of amber back to life with warm, golden walls that evoke the luxury of Imperial Russia. Corner section of the reconstructed Amber Room  Photo By jeanyfan - Own work, Public Domain,
Despite the replica, the original Amber Room’s mystery endures.

Many treasure hunters and historians continue to hope for a discovery, though some experts believe it may have deteriorated beyond recognition. An angel statue featured on the wall of the Amber Room Photo by jeanyfan - Own work, Public Domain
The Amber Room’s fragile amber construction adds to the mystery.

Amber is sensitive to time and environmental factors, meaning that even if the room survived, it may no longer be the masterpiece it once was. Ambergris in dried form Photo By Wmpearl - Own work, CC0
Was the Amber Room destroyed or hidden?

You make the call. President of Russia Vladimir Putin with Italian Prime Minister Romano Prodi, Greek Prime Minister Konstantinos Simitis and German Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder in the Amber Room (2003)  Photo By Kremlin.ru, CC BY 4.0,

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More from @CultureExploreX

Oct 31
It's Halloween. What better time to uncover the bone-chilling tales behind the world's most haunted places?

Which of these 20 spots blur the line between the living and the dead? 🧵 ⤵️

P.S.: Click on ALT on lower left corner of the image to learn about the place. Bran Castle in Romania, often linked to the legend of Dracula, looms over the landscape like a dark sentinel, guarding its secrets and the whispered tales of the undead.  Credit: @Anc_Aesthetics
1. Catacombs of Paris (France)

Beneath the streets of Paris lie the remains of millions, and many believe the Catacombs are haunted by restless spirits.

Some visitors claim to hear whispering voices and feel touches on their shoulders as they walk through. Credit: @archeohistories
2. Edinburgh Castle (Scotland)

With its long and violent history, Edinburgh Castle is said to be haunted by a lone piper who disappeared in its tunnels.

Ghostly drumming and strange apparitions have been reported by visitors for centuries. Credit: @archi_tradition
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Oct 30
Rising from the ashes of the so-called Dark Ages, these French churches defied all odds to become monuments to human creativity.

Which of these awe-inspiring sanctuaries will captivate you? 🧵⤵️ Basilica of Saint-Denis, Saint-Denis. The Basilica of Saint-Denis is the first Gothic cathedral and the burial place of French kings and queens. Its innovative architecture marked the beginning of Gothic art. Credit: Gothic Churches @GothicChurches
1. Strasbourg Cathedral, Strasbourg (1015 to 1439)

This towering Gothic cathedral, once the tallest building in the world, is renowned for its stunning astronomical clock and the delicate lace-like design of its western facade, which gives it a mesmerizing appearance. This towering Gothic cathedral, once the tallest building in the world, is renowned for its stunning astronomical clock and the delicate lace-like design of its western facade, which gives it a mesmerizing appearance.  Credit: @Architectolder
2. Sainte-Chapelle, Paris (1242 to 1248)

Renowned for its stunning stained-glass windows, this chapel has 15 massive panels that depict more than 1,000 biblical scenes.
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Oct 29
I’m found in mountains, seas, and stone,
I’ve built great wonders yet remain unknown.

I stand the test of time and might,
In ancient walls, I hide from sight.

Mighty wonders I’ve crafted, it’s said—
Let’s uncover the secret in this 🧵👇 Answer: I am Calcium Carbonate.   Read the thread to understand how calcium carbonate helps and what structures has it been used in.  Photo Credit: Classical Aegis
The secret to the endurance of the world's greatest monuments isn’t magic—it’s chemistry!

The answer lies in a humble but powerful ingredient: calcium carbonate.

Researchers have found that Calcium carbonate plays a crucial role in making concrete more durable by reducing its permeability, which helps it resist weathering and cracks.

When water enters tiny fractures, lime clasts such as those found in Roman concrete react and form more calcium carbonate, filling the cracks and preventing further damage.

As a naturally abundant mineral, it's also a sustainable choice, reducing the need for synthetic materials and lowering the carbon footprint of concrete production.

On top of that, it cuts costs by requiring less cement and makes concrete easier to work with, all while preserving structures for centuries, just like it did with ancient wonders.

This mineral's ability to naturally harden and preserve materials like limestone and marble has ensured that ancient wonders stand strong, even in the face of centuries of exposure to the elements.

Let’s take a journey through time and explore the marvels built on this enduring foundation!Image
1/ The Great Pyramid of Giza, Egypt 🇪🇬

Built more than 4,500 years ago, this limestone marvel contains calcium carbonate that has helped preserve its towering structure even after millennia of exposure to desert conditions.
Read 16 tweets
Oct 28
Empires have risen and fallen across Europe, yet these 22 hidden gems have stood the test of time.

Join us as we explore treasures that have outlasted kingdoms, such as this 13th century enduring beauty. 🧵 Rocca Imperiale has a rich history dating back to the 13th century when Emperor Frederick II built its iconic fortress to guard the region, making it a strategic stronghold for centuries.
1. Ulm, Germany

For those who want a taste of both Bavaria and Baden-Wurttemberg without the touristy bits. Image
2. Derry, Northern Ireland

Walk its walls, and you're not just strolling; you're stepping through history. Credit: Brogan Abroad on pinterest pin/465770786468787030/
Read 24 tweets
Oct 27
The Renaissance ignited a revolution, breaking free from the constraints of the medieval era.

Who were the bold minds that reimagined the future and unlocked the true potential of humanity?🧵⤵️
1. Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475–1564) – Caprese, Italy

Michelangelo’s works, such as "David" and the Sistine Chapel ceiling, set a new standard for artistic excellence and epitomized the power of Renaissance art.
2. Dante Alighieri (1265–1321) – Florence, Italy

With "The Divine Comedy," Dante shattered literary conventions, merging classical wisdom with Christian thought, and igniting a cultural awakening that would influence humanist thinkers for generations.
Read 28 tweets
Oct 26
"Solomon, I have outdone thee!" – Justinian

Yet, Renaissance scholars arrogantly labeled the era that followed as the "Dark Ages," dismissing its brilliance and achievements.

This term isn’t just misleading—it’s a deliberate distortion of history. 🧵⤵️ Details of the reliquary in the upper chapel of Sainte-Chapelle. Notice the icon of the crown of thorns symbolically situated on the relic platform. Credit: society of architectural historians.
When we talk about the start of the Dark Ages, around 500 AD, it’s easy to picture a world of chaos and decline.

In the summer of 536 A.D., a mysterious cloud darkened the skies, triggering over a decade of cooling, famine, and the deadly Plague of Justinian.

Scientists are now revealing that two massive volcanic eruptions were behind this devastating chain of events, marking just one chapter in a long history of volcanic interference in Earth's climate.Photo by Maggie Evans  freeyork.org/photography/watch-the-explosive-footage-of-a-recent-volcanic-eruption-in-iceland/
But here’s the thing—it wasn’t all gloom and doom.

The term “Dark Ages” actually misses a lot of the story.

For example, there is the Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna, Italy, a sixth-century church and an important surviving example of early Byzantine art and architecture.

During this time, there were major cultural, economic, and technological advancements that often get overlooked.Image
Read 23 tweets

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