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T. Ryan Gregory Profile picture
@TRyanGregory
Nov 4 • 17 tweets • 4 min read • Read on X
Beyond "immunity debt".

In what ways could SARS-CoV-2 be involved in surges of other infectious diseases like RSV, tuberculosis, fungal infections, Mycoplasma, etc.?

Here is a list of additional hypotheses, all increasingly supported in the scientific literature.

🧵
H1. Temporary immune effects of recent SARS-CoV-2 infection increase susceptibility to other infections.
H2. SARS-CoV-2 infection causes reactivation of latent infections.
H3. Co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and another pathogen makes both infections worse.
H4. Immunity theft. Repeated SARS-CoV-2 infection causes a general reduction in immune function that make people more susceptible to other pathogens.

thetyee.ca/Analysis/2022/…
H5. SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy affects organ development, which could make newborns more susceptible to other infections.
There is a very large amount of peer-review scientific literature on this, with more being published all the time. It's very easy to do a Google Scholar or PubMed search to find it.

Google Scholar: scholar.google.ca

PubMed: pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Example from Google Scholar: SARS-CoV-2 and RSV coinfection.

scholar.google.ca/scholar?hl=en&…
Example from PubMed: SARS-CoV-2 and tuberculosis.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Sars-cov…
Reminder that none of this is new and these hypotheses have been obvious for at least two years.

December 2022:

calgaryherald.com/opinion/column…
November 2022:

December 2023:

October 2024:

Oh, and despite constant calm-mongering by denialists, it's been clear for quite a while that something is going on.

And it's even clearer now.

* Dec. 2023
* Nov. 2022

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More from @TRyanGregory

T. Ryan Gregory Profile picture
Nov 4
How sure are you that only certain people are susceptible to severe acute COVID, and that you're not one of them?

What is your level of certainty that only specific people are vulnerable to long COVID, and that you're not one of them?

1/
Are you certain that repeated SARS-CoV-2 infections won't have cumulative effects?

How confident are you that you don't, or won't ever, harbour a persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection?

Are you totally convinced that SARS-CoV-2 will necessarily become mild and seasonal?

2/
Do you truly believe beyond doubt that "immunity debt" explains the surge in other infectious diseases, years after most major mitigations were dropped and even among kids who weren't born yet during lockdowns?

3/
Read 4 tweets
T. Ryan Gregory Profile picture
Nov 3
"Punk variants" and "eek soup". 🧵
I've written many times about how viral evolution occurs at two levels: within hosts (intrahost) and among hosts (interhost).

I've also talked about "continuous" versus "continual" evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants, which is relevant here as well:

Read 20 tweets
T. Ryan Gregory Profile picture
Oct 30
On tuberculosis. I'm sure we'll be hearing a lot more about how lockdowns caused immunity debt or meant that people weren't getting tested. Here are four additional hypotheses that will get very little attention in the reporting:

🧵
H1. Temporary immune effects of recent SARS-CoV-2 infection increase susceptibility to TB.

journals.plos.org/plosone/articl…
H2. SARS-CoV-2 infection causes reactivation of latent TB.

journals.lww.com/jpdt/fulltext/…
Read 7 tweets
T. Ryan Gregory Profile picture
Oct 23
So, @arijitchakrav and I have been talking about the idea of "slow COVID", which is a distinct issue alongside severe acute COVID and long COVID.

This means the accumulation of damage that shows up over time, either through repeated infections or persistent infection.
The main distinction between slow COVID and long COVID is that long COVID is clearly associated with debilitating symptoms from the outset. Slow COVID may be more insidious, with organ or immune or cognitive or other function declining gradually over time.
Again, slow COVID could happen as a result of damage from the initial infection that takes time to manifest, through cumulative damage from repeated infections, and/or persistent infection.
Read 4 tweets
T. Ryan Gregory Profile picture
Oct 22
Case in point about denialism, when I post this kind of thing , they'll screenshot and go on a rant about how I don't understand stuff. (Ironically, they demonstrate both poor reading comprehension and a lack of understanding of humour).

Here's why it's denialism 🧵
1) Does SARS-CoV-2 affect lungs? Check the literature for yourself:

scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&…
2) Heart?

scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&…
Read 15 tweets
T. Ryan Gregory Profile picture
Sep 17
Here's the full pandemic picture based on wastewater surveillance in Canada. A few things of note (most of which I have discussed previously several times): 🧵 Wastewater signal in Canada since 2020, with each peak labelled with the relevant variants and low points highlighted.
1. The story isn't just about peaks, it's about the lack of lows. At best, there have been six periods of lower activity, but really there have only been two decent lulls that were not still at a fairly high baseline and weren't immediately followed by another peak. Wastewater signal in Canada since 2020, with each peak labelled with the relevant variants and low points highlighted. The two real lows were between Alpha and Delta in summer 2021 and between the XBBs and JN.1 in summer 2023.
2. The last Greek letter was given in November 2021. "Omicron" variants are **far** more diverse and divergent than any of the others that received Greek letters, yet not even the ones requiring updates to vaccines (XBB.1.5, JN.1/KP.2) were named. Image
Read 7 tweets

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