In a world full of stagnation, over easy monetary and fiscal policy is counterintuitively dollar positive.
Policy juicing of the economy drives more capital to the US taking advantage of higher relative yields and stronger expected growth, pushing the dollar higher.
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The dollar made new highs today for the year on DXY and has been on a tear over the last 8 weeks. It started just after the Fed re-wrote the reaction function in Sept to pursue over easy policy, and has since been reinforced with policy expectations post-election.
This market action is confusing to some extent because the view that easier monetary policy and easier fiscal policy would be dollar supportive was pretty non-consensus at the time, but has played out largely as expected as part of the "over easy" trade.
What is striking move is the move is across nearly all major global currency pairs. Euro is making lows of the year, as growth stagnates and the ECB is in line to keep cutting to prop up the economy.
So much for the breakdown of the JPY carry trade which never actually existed. Instead the USDJPY is doing what you would expect, pushing back toward new highs as US yields rise and expectations of the BoJ's shifts to tighten meaningfully fade into the background.
The UK has been a tad stronger and the BoE more reticent to cut, and still GBP has fallen to the nearly lows.
CNY has totally reversed the trend and is back to falling again. Not helped by the fact that conditions remain very depressed, policy makers have failed once again to deliver any meaningful support, and the US election outcomes are likely economically antagonistic.
The dollar is rallying sharply against CAD to highs of the year as the BoC (correctly) cuts quickly to try to prop up the weak economy.
Other than acute periods of GFC and Covid, CAD hasn't traded this low since I was drinking beers at 50c on the dollar in Windsor at 19.
And AUD back to close to 20 year lows against the USD.
The peso also pushing back to lows not seen in history other than during the acute moments in covid. While there is a lot of focus on post-election related dynamics, the nearby push higher actually started just after the Fed meeting.
Gold has fallen by 7% since the election which has been roughly 50/50 removal of the election risk premium and about the post-election dollar pop higher. It has reversed the full post-Fed meeting rally as a result.
This broad based rise in the dollar aligns near perfectly with bond markets digesting the combination of easier Fed policy and then more pro-growth fiscal policy ahead. Taken together yields have moved up more than 80bps, reflecting a much stronger US economy ahead vs expected.
Its not just in the bond market, it is also in the stock market where US stocks have *significantly* outperformed the rest of the world since the Fed meeting and then further reinforced by the election outcomes.
In any longer-term context of price action, dollar at this point is roughly near all-time highs relative to trade partners.
At the same time, with much higher US yields, markets are pricing in a long-run fall in the dollar back below LT averages in both real an nominal terms.
The magnitude of US exceptionalism in the past couple years has shocked most investors who have been burned by leaning on global diversification in their portfolios.
But as we look ahead, US relative strength looks set to continue as over easy policy pushes divergence ahead.
While these currency moves look big up close, they are modest compared to what could be the accumulated productivity, monetary policy and fiscal differences over the next decade.
As a result, it is time to start wrestling with the implications of a new super-dollar era ahead.
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For years the housing market has almost levitated despite drags from high rates and high prices thanks to limited supply and other assets financing demand. But in recent months that's started to flip.
The housing market has been much more resilient in recent years than most had expected in the face of very high rates. The biggest reason for that was that while buying demand dried up following the post-covid surge in rates, so too did supply.
In the last 6 months or so both have shifted to be more negative for prices. Inventory of new and existing homes have picked up while the slowing of asset prices combined with still high mortgage rates has caused buying demand to hit new lows.
The Fed has no reason to cut based on the data that matters.
The risk of inflationary pressures ahead from both tariffs and rising oil prices due to the Mideast conflict will only further solidify their desire to keep rates steady for longer than most expect.
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While many folks are calling for immediate substantial cuts, the data that the Fed cares about just doesn’t support any move at all. Take the UE rate. It’s remained low with any context and been flat for almost a year, suggesting current policy is roughly neutral.
Payroll growth has slowed substantially particularly if you include the likely revisions to the data that will eventually come. But the Fed isn’t in the business of making bets on QCEW revisions quarters from now to make monetary policy today.
There are broad signs inflation is picking up across the economy.
Despite surveys and timely price measures showing signs of increasing price growth, markets remain complacent. Unless tariffs reverse soon, higher inflation will quickly become a reality.
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Today's measured inflation figures is the first to reflect the real impact of the tariffs (given the previous survey happened just after Liberation Day). Most economists are expecting a pickup in the CPI numbers for the first time in awhile, with core approaching % y/y again.
But measured inflation is just one view of many on how price growth is going in the economy. A broad set of triangulation shows price growth rising.
Take ISM services prices which is clearly rising in recent months:
The new admin has collected trillions in promises for new investment in the US from companies and foreign countries.
While these announcements make for splashy headlines, the actual economic impact is likely to be much more limited.
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It’s no surprise that a hoped for surge in business investment has become a real focus of many after it bailed out what would have otherwise been a pretty weak read on final demand in the 1Q25 GDP report back to highs of the cycle.
Many folks have pointed to the surge in announced new projects by the new admin as a key lever that can keep the expansion going even with some moderation in HH demand. Projects have totaled near 7tln. h/t @RMDiLillo for pointing me to this data!
Despite US tariffs on Chinese running at 30%, recent data shows little indication of a slowdown in the Chinese economy.
As a new round of trade talks start today, the stable economic conditions suggest little urgency for the Chinese to make a disadvantageous deal.
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For much of the last couple months the Chinese faced embargo level tariffs, which fell to a mere 30% about a month ago which is still very elevated compared to the roughly ~10% effective duty rate coming into the year. h/t @JosephPolitano
Despite the elevated tariffs, there aren't many signs of a significant slowing of overall exports, with data printing overnight that suggests still a decent growth rate that is not noticeably weaker than the rate seen prior to the new admin.
A broad look at US labor market data shows continued cooling.
That’s a concerning development for an economy reliant on an income-driven expansion, but probably not rapid enough to get the Fed to quicken cuts given tariff uncertainty.
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The timeliest data pretty clearly shows a slowdown in the labor market. ADP, which covers a substantial portion of the private sector, has shown clear cooling since last summer.
There are also some signs of cooling in the tax receipts data. The nominal y/y growth a bit softer than it's been in some time.