cygaar Profile picture
Nov 24 1 tweets 1 min read Read on X
I don't think people realize how expensive it is to spin up a new chain.

The cost is easily in the tens of millions of dollars if you want the best infrastructure providers (indexers, rpcs, explorers, wallets etc) for your builders and users.

And then you need to build a competent team that can create a successful ecosystem and useful tooling so there's something to do on the chain.

And then you need to actually cover the costs to operate the chain (sequencers for L2s or validators for L1s).

On top of that, there are numerous legal fees to make sure the chain and its orgs are setup in a proper manner.

Yes, physically launching an L2 is pretty easy and cheap today thanks to raas partners. You'll even get a pretty decent set of infra integrations for cheap. However, that's really only a portion of the costs needed to build a successful chain.

This is why I don't think we'll end up in a world with 1000s of chains, I think the reality is we'll end up with a couple hundred chains at all times.

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More from @0xCygaar

Oct 10
Hi @FBI, I noticed that your smart contracts are in direct violation of the MIT License, and thus are subject to copyright infringement.

You clearly copy pasted several of OpenZeppelin's libraries (which use the MIT License), but don't have a license on the code yourself.

The MIT License states "this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software", which you clearly did not adhere to in your contracts.Image
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@FBI You can find the FBI contracts here:

I highly doubt any legal action will be taken, but it's pretty funny that the FBI themselves are not complying with software licenses.etherscan.io/address/0x16ca…
@FBI I’ve alerted the FBI to take the necessary steps against the… FBI
Read 4 tweets
Aug 28
I'm super excited to announce Abstract Global Wallet today.

We're building a brand new chain-level experience - one where users never need to download an extension and apps work seamlessly out of the box.

Here's a simple breakdown of how AGW works 🧵: Image
The current state of wallet UX isn't great.

We did dozens of research studies with non-crypto users to better understand today's onboarding flows and app usage patterns. We saw fragmentation, confusing UX, and opaque transaction flows.

AGW aims to fix that.
At its core, AGW is a smart contract wallet powered by Account Abstraction.

I've talked a lot about AA in the past - I really believe that the current AA infra is ready to support the next wave of crypto users.

AGW leverages several AA features to make user experiences better. Image
Read 9 tweets
Aug 19
Layer 2 blockchains are probably one of the most misunderstood topics in crypto, so let's fix that.

A guide on how L2s actually work 🧵: Image
By now you probably know that L2s are Ethereum's way of scaling.

You've probably wondered why L2s are so cheap when compared to L1.

Or maybe you've asked yourself what ZK/OP proofs are.

This post will answer those questions and give you a base understanding of L2s.
Let's first start by going over how Ethereum (and other L1s) work.

When a transaction is processed by a L1 chain, every node in the network must process it.

Txs are priced based on how much compute, storage, and data is used (gas usage). Compute and storage cost a lot. Image
Read 19 tweets
Jul 24
"Account Abstraction is the future of crypto"

You've probably heard this line many times, but weren't sure what it meant. So let's fix that.

I present to you the beginner's guide to Account Abstraction - what it is, how it works, and how it'll change crypto apps forever 🧵: Image
I'm not going to bore you with the technical and implementation details of Account Abstraction (that'll be a future thread).

Instead, this will be a very high-level overview of AA with practical examples of how it has improved the crypto user experience over the last few years.
Put simply, Account Abstraction is a set of frameworks and standards that turbocharge the capabilities crypto wallets (accounts).

You can think of this like taking a 1999 Honda Civic and giving it the ability to fly - it can still work as a car, but now it can do something new. Image
Read 15 tweets
Apr 18
A beginner's guide to Runes - the new protocol that will bring fungible tokens to Bitcoin at the halving 🧵: Image
To start, what are fungible tokens?

These are tokens that are not unique in nature, can be divided, and are interchangeable. They exist on other blockchains as ERC20s on EVM chains or SPL on Solana.

Examples include memecoins and governance tokens.
Historically, fungible tokens have not been possible on Bitcoin since it doesn't support smart contracts.

However, with the advent of ordinals, we saw the rise of BRC-20s, which inscribed token data in individual SATs (satoshis) and were processed by off-chain indexers. Image
Read 16 tweets
Apr 11
EIP-3074 was just approved to go live in the next Ethereum hard fork.

This EIP will forever change how users interact on EVM chains, making wallet UX simpler, cheaper, and more powerful.

Here's a high level overview of EIP-3074 and how it'll change the game 🧵: Image
The TLDR of 3074 is that it gives EOAs (normal wallets) smart contract capabilities (like account abstraction).

This includes the ability to do single tx approvals, batch txs, wallet asset recovery, sponsored txs, and more.

Let's first talk about the issues with modern wallets.
@lightclients did a great presentation on 3074 which I will reference in this thread.

Here's a list of UX problems - they can be solved through smart contract wallets, but that would force users to migrate wallets which is bad UX and costs money.

Not great. Image
Read 15 tweets

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