In 1939 Billie Holiday recorded the first great protest song of the Civil Rights Movement, 'Strange Fruit’
The Chilling Story of Strange Fruit and Billie Holiday.
A THREAD!
"Strange Fruit" was originally a poem written by Jewish-American writer, teacher and songwriter Abel Meeropol, under his pseudonym Lewis Allan, as a protest against lynchings and later set it to music.
The song soon came to Billie Holiday's attention & after so many frequent requests of that song, she closed out EVERY performance with it. The waiters would stop serving ahead of time for complete silence, the room would darken, a spotlight would shine on Holiday's face…
Radio stations in the South wouldn't play it, record labels wouldn't record it, BUT YET, the song rose in the charts
selling over I million copies. Despite the success, a government agency was determined to shut her down.
One night in 1939, she received a warning from the Federal Bureau of Narcotics to never sing the song. This order was led by commissioner Harry Anslinger. He had a mission to eradicate all drugs everywhere, and believed jazz music was the problem. His attack was racially led.
Holiday's known struggles with alcohol, drugs, and vocal voice against white supremacy made
her a target. He sent undercover agents after her, including arranging for her abusive husband to set her up.
She was put on trial (The United States of America vs. Billie Holiday) just wanting to recover, but was sent to prison and her cabaret license was revoked. That didn't keep her
down. She continue to perform “Strange Fruit” even at a sold out show at Carnegie Hall.
In 1959, Holiday collapsed and was sent to the hospital with liver disease and goes into heroin withdrawal. Her friend
managed to have the hospital give her methadone to help her recover.
Arslinger's team arrested her on her hospital bed cutting off her methadone medication after claiming to have found
heroin in her bedroom. I0 days later, Holiday died. 🕊
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The origin of Memorial Day trace back to 1865 when freed slaves started a tradition to honor fallen Union soldiers and to celebrate emancipation and commemorate those who died for that cause.
A THREAD
In 1865, black people in Charleston, South Carolina, held a series of memorials & rituals to honor unnamed fallen Union soldiers and celebrate the struggle against slavery. One of the largest memorial took place on May 1st 1865.
As the civil war ended, confederates had converted the city’s Washington Race Course & Jockey Club into an outdoor prison. Union captives were kept in horrid conditions and at least 257 died of disease and were quickly buried in a mass grave behind the grandstand.
On this day in 1920, The Elaine Race Massacre inquiry began, addressing the killing of 200+ Black sharecroppers. A blood-thirsty gang of white soldiers led the deadliest massacre in U.S. history in 1919.
-The Elaine Massacre-
A THREAD
On September 30, 1919, Black sharecroppers gathered at a church in Hoop Spur, near Elaine, led by Robert L. Hill of the Progressive Farmers and Household Union. They sought better cotton payments from white plantation owners who dominated during the Jim Crow era.
Tensions were high and they had posted guards at the church door. When two deputized white men and a black trustee pulled into view and shots fired. One of the white men was killed, the other wounded.
On this day in 1863, Black Americans began fighting for the U.S. Army after the creation of Bureau of Colored Troops. Those who served and loved the country that did not love them back.
Military History of African Americans.
A THREAD
Black Americans participated in every American war from the Revolutionary War, the War of 1812, the Mexican–American War, the Civil War, the Spanish–American War, World War I, World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, the Gulf War, the War in Afghanistan, and the Iraq War.
Thousands of black troops, made up of both free men and enslaved, fought in the continental war. They were promised freedom for fighting but those promises were often broken.
One of the last survivors of the transatlantic slave trade, Cudjo Kazoola Lewis (1931). He was among 110 enslaved Africans aboard the Clotilda.
A THREAD!
Cudjo Lewis ( 1841-1935) was a founder of Africatown, established by a group of people who were brought to Mobile, Alabama aboard the Clotilda, the last slave ship to the United States.
(I’ve inscribed the AfricaTown board on the Last slide Incase the words are too small)
Together with other African captives, he was brought to the United States on board the ship Clotilda in 1860. The Clotilda brought its captives to Alabama in 1860, a year before the Civil War. Even though slavery was legal at that time, the international slave trade was not, and hadn’t been for over 50 years.
In May 1922, British South African troops killed 100+ Khoikhoi (indigenous group of people in southern Africa) for resisting taxes. They were rejecting steep tax and land grabbing, 95% of their territory was occupied.
The Bondelswarts Rebellion
A THREAD
The Bondelswarts in Namibia faced a brutal tax hike in 1921, plus pass laws and forced labor. Leader Abraham Morris rallied them at Guruchas to protect their dwindling land. But with just 15 rifles, they stood no chance against British South Africans machine guns and war planes
Morris wasn’t new to resistance. He fought Germans in 1903, using guerrilla tactics. But South Africa’s power was overwhelming. With just 15 rifles shared among fighters, 1,400 Bondelswarts stood their ground. They faced rifles, machine guns, and war planes.
On this day in 1896, the U.S Supreme Court delivered its decision in Plessy v. Ferguson, establishing the “separate but equal” doctrine and authorizing discrimination by states.
This marked the formal beginning of Jim Crow Laws.
THREAD
In 1866, a year after the amendment that ‘abolished slavery’ was ratified, Alabama, Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas, Georgia, Mississippi, Florida, Tennessee, and South Carolina began to lease out convicts for labor.
This made the business of arresting black people very lucrative, thus hundreds of white men were hired by these states as police officers.
Their primary responsibility being to search out and arrest black peoples who were in violation of ‘Black Codes’