Another explanation to this phenomenon is that Solana is bottlenecked by network bandwidth, especially at block proposer ingress.
In Solana, transactions are streamed to pre-selected proposers via Gulf Stream, whereby nodes collecting transactions like RPCs and Jito will stream "supposedly" marketable transactions to the proposer. ("Supposedly" in quotes because ingress txns can very likely be stale especially when the system reaches capacity.)
The graph below shows that the average signer per block has also dropped significantly, suggesting that block propagation and signing are also affected.
2/ @0xBreadguy summarized the reasons for "Yes & No" (QT). To paraphrase:
- DA is a commodity because secure DA services are large indistinguishable.
- DA has no network effect because rollups don't benefit from other rollups sharing the same DA layer.
The EIGEN token design is bullish for ZK and bearish for restaking.
Yes, you read that right.
Read this thread to find out why 👇
2/ The whitepaper outlines two types of tasks: 1. Objective (e.g. 1 + 1 = 2) 2. Intersubjective (e.g. price of Eth rn)
It also clearly states:
- restaked ETH for objective tasks
- bEIGEN for intersubjective tasks
But, objective tasks can be proved via zk directly!
3/ ZK is already cheaper for securing objective tasks than restaking!
An AVS with $4b restaked Eth paying 1% yield amounts to $40m emission per year. In contrast, the current infra cost of full zk-rollups are typically <$10m per year!
1/ Seeing a lot of excitement on FHE recently. Here's my take in a thread: for trust-minimized applications, FHE is a game changer that enables application-level privacy. However, for it to truly shine, FHE needs to be used *alongside* other tools such as MPC and ZKP. 👇
2/ FHE enables compute on encrypted data. It can help solve the privacy issue with public blockchains--that every bits of information is recorded publicly on-chain.
3/ However, plain FHE by itself *does not* solve the privacy issues for shared state applications (e.g. @Uniswap) in the blockchain setting, as someone still holds the decryption key. The key primitive that enables trust-minimized privacy is threshold FHE, aka FHE + MPC.
2022 was an exciting year, I look forward to continue my work on research, development & product in blockchains/Web3! I'm making a thread of all the talks I gave in 2022 around privacy, blockchain, and ZK. 🧵👇🏽
The first set of talks is around fully homomorphic encryption for blockchains and why zero-knowledge execution cannot provide full state-privacy for shared-state applications.
I first gave the talk at ZK Summit 7 in April. A short version of the talk is given in @EFDevcon in October.