Exactly 20 years ago, on January 22, 2005, in Palm Beach, Florida, Slovenian model Melania Knauss married businessman Donald J. Trump, wearing a dress that weighed 66 pounds
A Thread 🧵 of small curiosities
And Happy Anniversary to the Presidential Couple! 🎉
Legend has it that the dress weighed about 66 pounds, thanks to its extravagant and baroque design, created for her by John Galliano, who was then the creative director of Dior
It’s even said that she had to sit on a specially designed bench during the ceremony
At the time, there was no apparent feud between Vogue and the First Lady, so she was given a dedicated cover and feature for her wedding!
It’s even said that she was accompanied to Paris for the fashion shows to select her dress
The proposal from the magnate to the stunning model took place at the 2004 Met Gala in New York, where Melania dazzled in an elegant black, web-like, outfit
With a $2 million ring, the tycoon bound to himself the woman who would go on to become the two-time First Lady of the United States 🇺🇸
The collection that captivated Melania was John Galliano’s for Dior, inspired by the famous Empress Sisi, the iconic Austro-Hungarian empress 🎀
To create the dress, 1,000 hours of work were required, with 500 hours dedicated to embroidery, and 1,550 crystals and pearls
The dress used 295 feet of satin, with a 13-foot train and a 16-foot veil
The exact cost of this dream dress is unknown, but some say it was around $100,000, paid by the magnate, who was already on his third marriage at the time, to fulfill his young bride’s dream
Following the well-known bridal tradition:
The dress was her “something new”
“Something blue” was her lingerie by La Perla
“Something borrowed” was the stunning necklace by Fred Leighton
And “something old”?
Here comes Melania with her signature touch of genius: a vintage family rosary intertwined with flowers, replacing the traditional bouquet
No bouquet toss, then, in the stunning setting of Mar-a-Lago—a bit different from how we see it today, but still as magnificent as ever
Breaking with tradition—neither keeping the dress a surprise nor carrying a traditional bouquet—has certainly brought Melania good fortune ✨
She has now reached 20 years of marriage despite challenges, busy schedules, and the joy of welcoming their wonderful son, Barron
Photos of Donald and Melania’s lavish wedding reception aren’t too common online
Rumor has it that most of the guests were from Trump’s side
One exception seems to have been a striking woman, rumored to be Ines Knauss, Melania’s sister—but not much is known about her…
That said, Happy 20th wedding anniversary to POTUS and FLOTUS, and Best Wishes for the next four years, during which all eyes around the world will undoubtedly be on them 🎉
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The North–South Economic Divide in Italy: Historical, Economic, and Socio-Cultural Causes
The economic divide between Northern Italy (regions such as Lombardy, Veneto, Piedmont) and the South (the Mezzogiorno, including Campania, Apulia, Basilicata, Calabria, Sicily, and Sardinia) is one of the most persistent structural problems in Italian history.
Despite the unification of 1861, today the southern per-capita GDP stands at roughly 58–60% of that of the Centre-North, with unemployment rates twice as high (over 20% in the South versus 6–8% in the North) and a dependence on state subsidies that has generated a vicious circle of welfare dependency.
This imbalance is not innate but arises from a complex interplay of historical, economic, socio-cultural, and other factors (geographical, political, institutional).
Below is an exhaustive analysis—based on historical and economic studies—showing how the gap pre-existed the Unification but dramatically widened in the decades that followed.
Explanation Part 2
Historical Causes
The roots of the divide go back thousands of years, accentuated by unification and by dynamics of “internal colonialism.”
Before unification (that is, prior to 1861), the North benefited from autonomous development: the Lombard invasion (6th century) fostered the rise of medieval city-states (10th–13th centuries), which developed a mercantile and proto-industrial bourgeoisie and became integrated into European trade routes.
By contrast, the South was dominated by foreign monarchies (Normans, Swabians, Angevins, Spaniards, Bourbons), which imposed a centralized feudal system marked by unproductive latifundia and a lack of local autonomy.
The Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (1816–1861) had a primitive agrarian economy plagued by endemic malaria, deforestation, and poor irrigation, despite abundant natural resources; per-capita GDP was similar to or slightly higher than that of the North (according to Daniele and Malanima), yet the infrastructural gaps were enormous: 14,700 km of roads compared to 75,500 in the North, and only 184 km of railways versus more than 2,300.
The unification of 1861 imposed the Piedmontese model (centralist and liberalist), treating the South as an “internal colony”: southern resources financed northern debt (which had risen by 565% before 1860) and the “industrial triangle” (Turin–Milan–Genoa).
This led to brigantaggio (1860–1870), a peasant revolt suppressed by 120,000 soldiers under martial law (the Pica Law, 1863), which alienated the South from the nascent state and perpetuated hostility.
In the twentieth century, the First World War (1915–1918) channelled industrial contracts to the North, while Fascism (1922–1943) invested in southern infrastructure (e.g. the Apulian aqueduct) but in a clientelistic manner, without structural reform.
The Second World War devastated the South (Allied bombings, mafia-US alliances), and the post-war economic boom (1950–1970) industrialized the North through the Marshall Plan, leaving the Mezzogiorno largely agrarian.