I'm sure infectious disease minimizers are attributing the record-shattering surge of severe flu this year to "immunity debt". Let's think this through, shall we?
π§΅
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1. Serious mitigations ended more than 4 years ago. Why would immunity debt only kick in now? And why wasn't 4 flu seasons without mitigations enough to repay whatever "debt" there was?
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2. There is no long-lasting immunity against infection with seasonal flu and new strains evolve every year. That's why we need annually updated flu shots. So whether or not people were exposed to 2020 strains is not obviously relevant to infection rates in 2025.
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3. Most people do not actually get flu very often. Estimates would put it at once every 9 to 12 years. So most people would not have been infected during the period of mitigations anyway.
4. It's not just more cases in general, it's more *severe* this season. Immunity debt struggles to explain it being disproportionately severe. This also presents yet another challenge to the myth about viruses automatically becoming more benign or endemic meaning mild.
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So what could it be? Several things (not mutually exclusive):
A) Immunity theft. Previous COVID infections causing reduced immune function. Could be short-term and/or longer-term and perhaps increasing with reinfections. This would be be consistent with more *severe* flu.
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Why now if it's immunity theft?
Unlike most years, we had a surge of COVID in summer/fall (it's NOT seasonal), which could have set us up for worse short-term immune effects when flu arrived in winter.
Also, more repeat infections could worsen longer-term immunity theft.
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B) Coinfection. Flu + COVID can make severity worse than infection with just one of these alone. There is still a lot of COVID this winter on top of a major surge of flu.
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C) Evolution of flu strains to become more virulent. Yes, that's entirely possible. No, viruses don't evolve to reach a happy equilibrium with hosts.
D) Some of it could be H5N1. At the very least, H5N1 is getting closer and closer to human to human pandemic potential.
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Three other points of note:
i) There have been low flu years before, *not* followed by severe surges.
ii) The last time it was this bad (2009), there was H1N1 swine flu in the mix.
iii) Vaccination rates are not typically high, but they're down even lower (thanks, minimizers!)
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Just to recap what is happening, since public health has gone AWOL:
* This is the worst flu season in 15 years. Not just number of cases but number of *severe* cases.
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* H5N1 ("avian flu") is getting further out of control in the US. It is getting closer and closer to a human-to-human transmission outbreak.
* Measles is resurgent thanks to low vaccination rates.
* Tuberculosis is making a comeback.
* Many norovirus outbreaks.
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* COVID rates are lower than in past winters, but a) they're still way too high to ignore, and b) that's because there was a surge in summer (it's not seasonal) and the next major lineage of variants has not arrived yet.
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As you read more and more reports of uncommon pathogens infecting a lot of people, or common pathogens surging far more than usual and/or having unusually severe effects, please remember that this is what immunity theft predicts and what we've warned about for years.
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By contrast, "immunity debt" or "post-pandemic normalizing of levels" as an explanation makes less and less sense as more time goes by. In 2025, it is absurd to still be talking of new surges of illness being due to the lack of immunity from mitigations that ended years ago.
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Case in point, we wrote this more than 2 years ago.
Lots of things in biology correlate with "latitude" (biodiversity, population size, body size, etc.), but "latitude" itself isn't a thing in and of itself. What actually matters is photoperiod, temperature, precipitation, etc. That's how we should think of "seasonal" as well.
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Viral transmission may be strongly and predictably "seasonal", mostly occurring during certain times of the year (flu, RSV), but it's not either-or. Other viruses may be common year-round but also increase at certain times of the year.
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However, it's not "season" per se, it's things that vary throughout the year. Mostly this involves human behaviour (travel, congregating, being indoors more, school in or not, etc.). There may also be effects of environmental variables like UV, wind, temperature, humidity.
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So, I'm not sure the American right has thought through the implications of annexing Canada yet.
A few things to consider...
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First of all, Canada has a slightly larger population than California, so presumably we'd get at least 54 electoral college votes in presidential elections. Polls here showed that about 61% of Canadians would have voted for Harris and 21% for Trump.
Now, it would be pretty weird and surely a big ego bruiser to have one state being physically larger than the entire rest of the country combined, especially if it's blue on the electoral map. So presumably Canada would represent several states, not one.
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(Sarcasm alert) The way viral evolution works is that if you have a naΓ―ve idea of how it works and that helps with calm-mongering, that's how it works. Need some examples? π§΅
For example, if it helps with calm-mongering to think that viruses have to evolve to become mild or else they will drive their hosts and themselves extinct, that must be what happens. Don't let actual evolutionary biologists convince you otherwise! (Sarcasm)
Oh, oh -- how about this? If a virus can infiltrate the host's genome permanently and then not cause any harm, that would give it a huge advantage in long-term survival. Therefore, all viruses must evolve to become endogenous in the genome! This is fun! (Sarcasm)
One side is consistently painted as violent and the other as being unsafe. Is that accurate? Well, all of these happened on video in Ontario, Canada. π§΅
Attacking with a nail gun while shouting "All Palestinians will die".