Even Hitler’s Army Was Shocked: The Unstoppable Courage of Russian Soldiers
🧵👇
Here are quotes from German soldiers and officers about Russian soldiers.
Field Marshal Erich von Manstein, one of Hitler’s top generals:
The Russians were not afraid of death. They fought with a determination I had never seen in any other army.
Field Marshal Friedrich Paulus, commander of the German 6th Army, who surrendered at Stalingrad:
If I had to go to war again, I would rather have the Russians on my side than against me.
General Heinz Guderian, creator of Germany’s tank warfare strategy:
The Soviet soldiers were much tougher and braver than we expected. Even unarmed, they fought with incredible determination.
SS officer Fritz Diebert, about the Battle of Kursk:
The Russians attacked without fear, without rest. They didn’t seem to know what retreat meant. They weren’t afraid to die, and that terrified our soldiers.
From a German soldier’s diary, winter 1941, during the failed attack on Moscow:
They are not human, they are beasts! We are freezing to death, but they live in the snow and keep attacking!
General Hans Dörr:
A Soviet soldier is the perfect warrior. He adapts, he endures, and he never gives up, even when he is doomed.
From a German infantry soldier at Stalingrad:
We are surrounded. We have no food, almost no ammunition. The Russians keep attacking. They don’t fear hunger, cold, or death. How do you defeat men like that?
Even the Nazis, who thought they were the strongest army in the world, had to respect Russian soldiers. They expected an easy victory but instead found an enemy who refused to break, no matter how hard they fought. The Red Army’s courage, endurance, and strength shocked even Hitler’s best generals.
The Red Army captured 4.37 million enemy servicemen, including more than 2.5 million Wehrmacht soldiers and officers.
The Red Army was responsible for the destruction of approximately 7.3–8 million German soldiers, including those killed in action, who died from wounds, or were rendered unable to fight. This immense figure underscores the critical role the Soviet Union played in dismantling Nazi Germany’s military might.
Approximately 75-80% of all German military casualties occurred on the Eastern Front, making the Red Army the primary force behind the defeat of the Wehrmacht. This staggering statistic highlights the decisive role the Soviet Union played in crushing Nazi Germany.
Author of 'Tigers in the Mud', German 'panzer ace' and tank commander, and one of few German commanders to have fought both on western and eastern fronts, Otto Carius:
"Five Russians were more dangerous than Thirty Americans. We already noticed that in our few days in the western front."
German Commander Otto Carious:
"We were used to an opponent the stature of the Russians; we were amazed at the contrast (when fighting Americans). During the war, I have never saw soldiers (Americans) disperse head over heels even though virtually nothing was happening."
“For the sake of justice, it must be said that Karius highly appreciated the American army, but if you compare the soldiers of the United States and the USSR, the latter will have the advantage. The Russians could conduct multi-layered fire. They used every opportunity and tool they could muster."
"Again the pace of the war surprised me, the Russians would never have let us have so much time! The Americans took so long to close the pocket, especially given that nobody around wanted to fight anymore. A well organized German corps could have closed the pocket in a week."
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The Real Turning Point of WWII: Why the Kursk battle, Not D-Day, Sealed Hitler’s Fate
Western textbooks talk about a D-day being the turning point in the war against Hitler... but that’s not really accurate. Think about it: by that point, the Red Army had already kicked the German forces out of the USSR and was pushing Hitler back. The German army had lost 80% of its strength, and the Allies hadn’t even opened a second front in Europe yet.
The real game-changer in World War II was the Battle of Stalingrad. Before that, Hitler’s army seemed unstoppable, they’d taken over most of Europe and were charging deep into the USSR. But at Stalingrad, the Red Army broke the backbone of Hitler’s war machine. The Germans lost 850,000 soldiers, and the Soviets took control of the war.
After Stalingrad, the Germans started retreating, but Hitler wasn’t ready to give up. He launched a counterattack, which became known as the Battle of Kursk.
Spoiler: it didn’t go well for the Germans. After Kursk, Hitler was done, he lost all control, and the Soviets just kept pushing forward all the way to Berlin.
The Battle of Kursk lasted for 50 days, from July 5 to August 23, 1943. It was one of the longest and most intense battles of World War II. In terms of the number of troops involved, the Battle of Kursk was even bigger than the Battle of Stalingrad. To this day, it’s considered one of the largest battles of World War II.
So, it was a long, grueling fight, but it ended with a major Soviet win.
At Kursk, both sides threw everything they had into the fight. The Soviets had about 1.3 million soldiers and 5,000 tanks, while the Germans had around 900,000 soldiers and 2,800 tanks. The Germans had fancy new tanks like the "Tiger" and "Panther” (hmm, sounds like the names of the tanks I keep hearing in the news) but even with all that, they couldn’t break through the Soviet defenses. After losing a ton of tanks and soldiers, the Germans had to go on the defensive.
Disclaimer: There’s still a lot of disagreement about the numbers of troops and equipment in the Battle of Kursk. The Russian Defense Ministry says the Red Army had 1.336 million soldiers, while Nazi Germany had over 900,000. German historians, though, claim it was more like 1.9 million Soviets against 700,000 Germans. It makes sense, German authors want to frame the Soviet victory as being due to overwhelming numbers rather than skill or strategy.
Fan fact: During World War II, Soviet intelligence agency SMERSH ran a brilliant fake radio operation called “Opyt” (May 1943 – August 1944) to trick the Germans. They pretended to be an Abwehr spy group and sent 92 fake radio messages, receiving 51 in return. This convinced the Nazis they were getting real intel, while in reality, they were being fed lies about Soviet troop movements, including around Kursk. As a result, the Germans made bad decisions. Soviet agents also captured enemy spies, and even got supplies air-dropped by the Germans: guns, money, fake documents, and uniforms. This deception played a key role in the Soviet victory at Kursk.
During the Battle of Kursk, the Red Army pulled off something pretty wild: they used over 3,000 searchlights to blind and confuse the Germans in a nighttime attack on August 6–7, 1943.
As the Soviet troops launched their assault, they flipped on these massive lights, flooding the battlefield with blinding brightness. The Germans were totally caught off guard, it messed up their aim, caused chaos, and made it seem like the Soviets were charging out of nowhere with unstoppable force. Sure, some of the light bounced off smoke and dust, making it hard for both sides to see at times, but the psychological impact was huge. The Germans were stunned, and their defenses fell apart under the pressure.
This wasn’t just a clever trick, it was a mix of science, psychology, and raw power. The Red Army turned the battlefield into a stage, and the Germans didn’t stand a chance. It’s one of those moments where military strategy feels almost like art.
Let’s put an end to Russia’s destructive influence: How the Napoleonic War of 1812 began.
So, here’s the scoop: On June 24, 1812, Napoleon rolled into Russia with his army, kicking off what he called the Second Polish War. He claimed this whole thing was about stopping Russia from messing with Europe too much. But, as usual, there was way more going on behind the scenes.
Back in 1807, France and Russia had signed the Treaty of Tilsit. It wasn’t perfect, both sides broke some rules here and there, but they mostly tried to stick to it. The big thing Napoleon wanted was for Russia to enforce the Continental Blockade, his plan to cut off Britain’s trade and crush their economy. But, surprise, surprise, Russia wasn’t super into it.
Now, here’s where it gets juicy. Back then, foreign policy wasn’t always about logic or strategy, it was often about ego and personal drama. Napoleon, trying to cozy up to Russia, decided the best way to seal the deal was to marry into the Russian royal family. He first proposed to Grand Duchess Ekaterina in 1808, and when that didn’t work, he tried again in 1810 with 14-year-old Anna. Both times? Big fat no. For Napoleon, this was a massive slap in the face. The Russian court didn’t want anything to do with what they saw as a social climber, and this rejection just made things worse between the two countries.
Fast forward to June 22, 1812. Napoleon, now in full propaganda mode, told his troops that Russia had broken the Treaty of Tilsit and that this invasion, the Second Polish War, was totally justified. He wasn’t just trying to crush Russia’s influence in Europe; he also wanted to create an independent Poland and even dreamed of teaming up with Russia to take on India. Yeah, India.
Here’s how he pumped up his soldiers:
“Soldiers! The Second Polish War has begun. The first ended at Friedland and Tilsit… This one will bring just as much glory to French arms, but this time, the peace we make will last and finally end Russia’s grip on Europe for the last fifty years.”
Spoiler alert: It didn’t go as planned. But hey, Napoleon was always good at selling big dreams.
By spring 1812, Napoleon had amassed a huge army of around 700,000 troops at Russia’s borders. But here’s the kicker, only about half of them were actually French. The rest were a mix of soldiers from countries Napoleon controlled (like Italy and the Netherlands) or from reluctant allies like Prussia and Austria, who really didn’t want to fight Russia. There were even Poles, Dutch, and Spaniards who were basically dragged into this mess.
Fast forward to September 14, 1812. The Russian army bailed out of Moscow, and most of the city’s 250,000 residents followed suit, taking or destroying anything that could be useful to the French. Only about 15,000 people stayed behind, many of them foreigners, while looters from nearby villages started moving in. The day before, a museum curator and some locals who spoke French told Napoleon the city was empty. An old peasant even offered to give him a tour, but Napoleon was like, “Nah, I’m good.” 😂
When Napoleon finally arrived, he was struck by how surreal the city looked. Captain von Brandt described it as “enchanted,” with 500 golden and colorful domes rising over a sea of houses. Napoleon, though, was more straightforward: “So, this is the famous city. It’s time.” To keep things under control, only the Imperial and Italian Guards were allowed to stay in the city, while the rest of the army camped outside. But, of course, troops started sneaking in to loot almost immediately.
Napoleon set up shop in the Kremlin and went to bed, only to be woken up at 4 AM by massive fires. The Russians had set the city ablaze before leaving, and the flames spread fast. The fire was so intense that you could literally read a book by its light. By the time it was over, Moscow was in ruins, and with no food supplies left, it was useless for Napoleon’s army to stay.
Some advisors suggested marching on St. Petersburg, but Napoleon shot that idea down. The capital was too far, his army was already exhausted, and food was running low. Plus, heading north meant worse weather and logistical nightmares. He also decided against moving toward Tula, where Russia’s weapons factories were, because Russian troops were already gathering there. Realizing he couldn’t advance further, Napoleon decided to wait in Moscow for a peace offer from Tsar Alexander I. He sent letters, but… crickets. The Russians had other plans.
While waiting, Napoleon tried to make life in Moscow somewhat bearable for his troops, even arranging some entertainment. But he wasn’t messing around when it came to discipline. One of his orders read: “Despite repeated warnings, soldiers keep peeing in the courtyards, even under the emperor’s windows. Punishment units need to set up proper toilets, and buckets must be placed in the barracks and emptied twice a day.” 🙈 Classic French army vibes, right?
So yeah, Napoleon was stuck in a burned-out city, waiting for a reply that never came, while his army slowly fell apart. Not exactly the glorious campaign he’d envisioned.
On October 19, 1812, Napoleon decided to bounce out of Moscow and head for Kaluga. He was trying to play it cool, like it wasn’t a retreat, but more of a strategic move. He thought about hitting up Tula to wreck their weapons factories or maybe heading south to grab some food and supplies while picking up reinforcements from Smolensk. But here’s the problem: his army was totally beat, loaded down with junk, and moving at a snail’s pace. Oh, and to make things worse, heavy rains on October 12 turned the roads into a total mud pit, so they were even slower.
Meanwhile, Kutuzov, the Russian general, wasn’t having it. As soon as he saw Napoleon pulling out, he flipped his army around and started this thing called a parallel march. Basically, he stayed close to the French, picking off weak spots and avoiding a big fight. Napoleon had retreated before (like from Acre and Aspern-Essling), but this? This was next-level awful. By late October, it was freezing, like -4°C freezing, and things were about to get way worse.
At Maloyaroslavets, Kutuzov forced Napoleon’s army onto the Smolensk road, which was already totally wrecked. This is where the real nightmare began. The French were freezing, starving, and getting hammered by Cossack attacks. Thousands of them were dropping like flies. Then came the Berezina River crossing in November 1812, the final nail in the coffin. The Grand Army, which used to scare the crap out of all of Europe, was now just a chaotic mess of dying dudes. Napoleon managed to get some of his guys across, but tens of thousands drowned, froze to death, or got blown to bits by artillery. It was a total disaster.
Out of the massive army of 700,000 that Napoleon marched into Russia with, only about 100,000 made it out alive. Let that sink in, 600,000 soldiers were lost.
How Putin made Russia Great Again or why Russians love him so much
(very long 🧵)
After the collapse of the USSR, Russia became a colony of the West and lost its sovereignty. During the 1990s and under Yeltsin’s government, the country nearly fell apart. The military and industries across all sectors were destroyed, school textbooks were rewritten, and resources were sold off to Western corporations. It’s a serious question whether Russia would even exist today if things had continued that way. However, with Putin’s arrival, everything changed - he brought Russia back to itself.
Bio
Few in the West know about Putin’s mentor, Anatoly Sobchak, who introduced him to politics. Sobchak was a strong supporter of liberal-democratic ideas and one of the founders of the “Democratic Russia” party.
In the early 1990s, Vladimir Putin worked as an assistant to the rector of Leningrad State University for international affairs.
This position served as a cover, as he was an active KGB agent. When Sobchak noticed him at the University and invited him to join his team, Putin had to admit his work in intelligence. Realizing that combining KGB work with political activity was impossible, he resigned from the KGB.
In June 1991, Sobchak became the mayor of St. Petersburg. During the tense political environment of the time, from 1993 onward, Sobchak often entrusted Putin to act as mayor during his foreign trips, showing great trust in his professionalism. However, starting in 1995, a campaign to discredit Sobchak began, organized by his political opponents in Moscow who viewed him as a potential rival for the presidency. Using accusations of misconduct, law enforcement agencies like the Prosecutor’s Office, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and the FSB effectively ended his political career. His worsening health worked to his enemies’ advantage, reducing his ability to defend himself. At one point, they even tried to block him from traveling abroad for medical treatment.
At this critical moment, Putin showed complete loyalty to his mentor, Sobchak. He knew that helping Sobchak leave the country involved serious risks to his own career. First, he was going against powerful state agencies that were actively pursuing Sobchak. If the plan failed, Putin could have been accused of aiding or hiding him. Second, Sobchak was a political outsider at the time, and supporting him could have been seen as a strategic mistake, alienating influential allies in Moscow. Third, successfully getting Sobchak out of the country under the strict control of the FSB, prosecutors, and the Ministry of Internal Affairs required extreme caution. It could have been seen as breaking the law, threatening not just Putin’s career but also his personal freedom.
Despite these risks, Putin, using skills from his intelligence background, arranged for Sobchak to leave for France, where he underwent life-saving surgery. This act was a remarkable display of loyalty and courage. After the operation, Putin reported the outcome to Yeltsin, who, after a pause, approved his actions, saying, “You did the right thing.” This moment highlighted not only Putin’s loyalty to Sobchak but also his willingness to take risks for his principles and a sense of justice, which later became a defining feature of his political career.
The Turning Point: Russia’s New Year of Change
Since Christmas is a religious holiday in Russia, New Year’s Eve is celebrated similarly to how Christmas is in the West. A New Year’s tree is set up, and children receive gifts from Ded Moroz, the Russian Santa Claus, on the night of December 31st to January 1st. The celebration begins with a televised speech by the president, followed by the countdown to the chimes of the Kremlin clock, Russia’s main timepiece.
Back then, everyone anticipated Boris Yeltsin’s New Year address. By the 2000s, however, Yeltsin could barely speak. He was widely seen as a hopeless alcoholic, mocked by the Russian people and even by foreign leaders like Bill Clinton. Russians felt ashamed of their president, who had become a national embarrassment.
But instead of Yeltsin’s familiar face on TV, a young man appeared. Calm, polite, and well-spoken, he explained that Yeltsin had stepped down due to health reasons, and until the elections in the spring, he would take on presidential duties. He wished everyone a Happy New Year, and for the first time in a while, there was a sense of hope in the air.
When the elections came, people voted for this young man, Vladimir Putin, and he became president. Almost immediately, he introduced significant changes, particularly regarding the oligarchs who had gained immense political influence in the 1990s during the privatization of state enterprises under Yeltsin.
After the collapse of the USSR, several waves of privatization swept through Russia, leaving the nation’s wealth in the hands of a few. While ordinary Russians suffered from a sharp decline in living standards, barely scraping by, the business clans born in the chaos of perestroika solidified their control over the most valuable assets of what was once a great country.
How Stalin gifted Poland vast German territories while Poles expelled ethnic Germans and moved into their homes.
The lands colored in black were given to Poland permanently, not as temporary occupation zones. These areas (now western Poland, including Silesia, Pomerania, and parts of East Prussia) had been predominantly German-speaking since the Middle Ages, with German settlers moving there during the 12th–14th centuries. After these lands were transferred to Poland, Germans were forcibly deported to Germany, and Poles moved in to settle in their homes.
And it wasn’t “NKVD officers trained in deportations and sent from the USSR” carrying this out—it was the Poles themselves. The Poles had full independence in this matter because they were building their own Poland, not following a model imposed by the USSR. Moreover, Soviet NKVD officers actually had to step in and calm the Poles down, as they had clearly gone too far with the deportation of Germans, turning it into something reminiscent of Nazi practices. This is not surprising, as they had already practiced similar actions against Jews, Ukrainians, Belarusians, and communists. The difference, however, was that at that time, no one restrained them or reminded them of the boundaries of human conscience and law.
Former German territories given to Poland by Stalin’s decision
At the Potsdam Conference, the Allies gave the Allied Control Council for Germany the responsibility to oversee the deportation of Germans, working with the governments of Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Hungary.
In January 1946, a memorandum between Britain, Poland, and the Soviet Union promised to carry out the deportations “humanely and in an organized way.” That year, Poland passed a law to remove ethnic Germans from Polish society.
Germans were not given the right to make personal decisions about leaving or choosing a new place to live. They were allowed to take 500 Reichsmarks per person and “as much luggage as they could carry.”
Letter from the Head of the 4th European Department of the USSR Ministry of Foreign Affairs, A.P. Pavlov, to the Soviet Ambassador in Warsaw, V.Z. Lebedev, dated June 17, 1946:
“The Poles are cruel. You cannot imagine how they torment people. They rob and force them to die of hunger. Szczecin has become a city of death and suicides… Now Karl says: ‘Better death in hell than returning to Szczecin.’ The Polish rule is terrible; returning home is impossible…”
What’s most interesting to me is that I haven’t heard even a hint of self-reflection from the Poles about this history. Every Pole I’ve spoken to excitedly shared stories about how, when they arrived in the “empty lands,” they could choose from rich German homes. There are countless stories of people simply walking in and freely taking over entire farms, fully equipped. Factories, plants, cars, and railways - they were all just there for the taking. On the contrary, there are hundreds of stories about discovering “German treasures” - when Germans hid their most valuable belongings, hoping to return someday. The Poles didn’t even mention the Germans’ ownership rights to the discovered property; they simply claimed it all for themselves.
In 1941, there were no supplies at all, and in 1942, they were sporadic and negligible. The majority of the deliveries came in 1944 and 1945, with a significant portion arriving only after Victory.
Much has been written about Lend-Lease for the Soviet Union, including complete nonsense. The truth is that any help during that time would be important, but the aid (not just Lend-Lease) essentially only began in 1943, after Stalingrad, when our forces started defeating the Germans on all fronts and overall contribution of the wartime resources was only 4% of what the Soviets used during war.
But this is not about U.S. assistance to the Red Army; it’s about American corporations’ assistance to Hitler. And that assistance far exceeded what they provided to Stalin. This is a topic that has been awkwardly avoided, both after the war and even now, but it all happened. Even today, we don’t have the full picture - only isolated facts that couldn’t be concealed.
In fact, the majority of the military-industrial complex of Hitler’s Germany was built by American corporations, which invested enormous sums of money into it.
Before the start of World War II, American companies invested significantly in Hitler’s economy: Ford - $17.5 million, Standard Oil of New Jersey (now Exxon) - $120 million, General Motors - $35 million, and ITT - $30 million. These figures account for only the largest corporations. At the time, the dollar was worth roughly 35-45 of today’s dollars, depending on the estimate.
The Opel factories in Germany were fully owned by American General Motors. These factories produced trucks, armored vehicles, and personnel carriers for the Wehrmacht, as well as half of the engines for Junkers-88 bombers. In 1943, jet engines for the Messerschmitt-262 were developed at General Motors’ German subsidiary.
Pratt & Whitney licensed its BMW “Hornet” engine to Germany, which was used on Ju-52/3 transport planes until the very end of the war. And this is just one example.
After the start of World War II, the collaboration did not stop—Ford, in particular, stood out!
In 1940, Ford refused to assemble engines for Britain, but for the Germans? No problem. In France, at the factory in Poissy, the production of aircraft engines and vehicles for Germany began.
After the occupation of France, production even increased. Even the branch in Algeria was assembling trucks and armored vehicles for Rommel. Of course, pro-American enthusiasts might argue that the Germans forced them. Maybe so, but Ford continued to receive profits from those factories, and the Germans paid reliably.
It’s no coincidence that Germany never invaded Switzerland. What, were they afraid of the valiant Swiss? Hardly! With the transactions flowing through Swiss banks, Hitler didn’t need an army to deal with the Swiss—he would have treated them with utmost care regardless.
GULAG - a word that sends chills down Western spines. But what if I told you that in Russia, it wasn’t seen as the ultimate horror it’s made out to be in the West?
How did a real piece of Soviet history become a legend - so terrifying it ended up in the video game Call of Duty? And why there were NOT 10 million people repressed, and the Gulag was NOT a key factor in the modernization and industrialization of the USSR.
Let’s talk about it.
Thread ⬇️
What exactly was the GULAG?
In the West, the word GULAG often brings to mind something like Nazi concentration camps- places where innocent people were held in terrible conditions and murdered.
In reality, the GULAG, established in 1930 as part of the Soviet penal system, was somewhat similar to correctional facilities in the U.S., but with a key difference: prisoners were required to work. While labor and rehabilitation programs do exist in U.S. facilities, they are not implemented on the same scale.
What were the labor camps like?
Labor camps were usually large areas where prisoners lived and worked under supervision and security. Making prisoners work was seen as a necessity because society couldn’t afford to fully support them in complete isolation.
Why were people sent to the GULAG?
It’s important to rely on archival documents rather than simply speculating about the past. Contrary to the widespread belief that the GULAG was filled with innocent intellectuals and priests, the archives tell a different story. Over 80% of the prisoners were ordinary criminals, convicted of crimes such as:
🔹murder
🔹rape
🔹robbery
🔹theft.
and during World War II,
🔹Nazi collaborators
🔹German Nazi
Prisoner statistics as of January 1, 1953:
🔹Total prisoners: 2,468,524
🔹1,727,970 in labor camps
🔹740,554 in labor colonies
Convicted of counter-revolutionary crimes: 465,256 (26.9%)
Convicted of serious criminal offenses: 73.1%, including:
🔹Premeditated murder
🔹Banditry
🔹Robbery
🔹Theft
🔹Embezzlement and other crimes
But Solzhenitsyn said…
I know, I know…Solzhenitsyn said many things. Let’s first understand who he was.
Alexander Solzhenitsyn, born in the USSR, is renowned for his writings and his reflections, particularly about his time in the Gulag. He was arrested in 1945 for criticizing the government in letters to a friend at the front. However, some in Russia believe that his actions were a deliberate attempt to avoid serving on the frontlines during World War II.
The thing is, his letters were written to a friend, and his arrest happened immediately after he was reassigned from his position as the commander of a sound-ranging artillery battery in the rear to the frontline.
Knowing that all letters from the front were read by censors, it is said that he deliberately included anti-government remarks in his correspondence to get arrested and sent to prison, avoiding the dangers of the frontlines during World War II.
At the time, there was a common belief that an amnesty would follow the war, so he may have seen prison as a safer option.
Life in the Gulag
Interestingly, during his time in the Gulag, Solzhenitsyn was given good work assignments.
Between 1945 and 1947, in Gulag he worked in a research institute in Moscow and Marfino as a mathematician and engineer, contributing to technical projects. This was very different from the backbreaking labor most prisoners endured. Solzhenitsyn himself said:
“Here I am well-settled. I sleep in dry, warm conditions, even with clean linens. My wife visits me in Moscow and brings supplies during our meetings.”
Later, Solzhenitsyn was transferred to a strict-regime camp in Ekibastuz, Kazakhstan. Here, he had to do hard physical labor but, thanks to his education, eventually secured less grueling tasks:
🔹Teaching math and physics to other prisoners.
🔹Working as a mechanic and lathe operator in a workshop.
Controversies
There are conflicting accounts about Solzhenitsyn’s relationships with his wife and the friend he had written to, which led to his arrest. His wife and the friend claimed that Solzhenitsyn wrote denunciations against them, while Solzhenitsyn denied these accusations and accused them instead.
This mix of personal, historical, and literary complexity makes Solzhenitsyn a controversial and intriguing figure in Russian history.
Although Solzhenitsyn addressed various topics about the USSR, including his criticism of the creation of Ukraine, he is primarily known for his claims about the number of deaths in the Gulag camps - claims based solely on his personal opinions rather than historical evidence. Interestingly, despite Solzhenitsyn being a writer, the West often treats his emotional literary work as a reliable historical source. Draw your own conclusions.
Solzhenitsyn claimed that tens of millions were killed, with at least 3 million during 1937–1938 alone. However, his claims were not based on any archival research; they were merely assumptions.
Archives, on the other hand, tell a different story. Soviet and Russian historian Dmitry Volkogonov, who managed Soviet archives under President Boris Yeltsin, reported that between
🔹Between October 1, 1936, and September 30, 1938 - 30,514 people were sentenced to death by military tribunals.
🔹According to KGB data, 786,098 people were sentenced to death for counterrevolutionary activities between 1930 and 1953 - a 23-year period - with most sentences carried out during 1937–1938.
It’s also worth noting that NOT all death sentences were carried out; many were commuted to labor camp terms.