The menu from Pope Leo XIV’s first dinner with the cardinals has surfaced
A Thread 🧵 on the excellent Italian wines chosen for the occasion 🥂
After the intense days of the conclave, on the evening of May 8th, a beautiful dinner was offered at Santa Marta to all the cardinals who had taken part in the election — a moment to celebrate the Habemus Papam and the beginning of the pontificate of Leo XIV ✨
But beyond the five rather international courses served to the cardinals, let’s focus for a moment on what they were given to drink 🥂
White wine
A Vermentino from Tenuta Guado al Tasso, crafted by the Italian 🇮🇹legendary Antinori family
Guado al Tasso Vermentino is a premium white wine produced by Marchesi Antinori in Bolgheri, Tuscany
Made from 100% Vermentino, this Mediterranean grape is celebrated for its bright acidity, floral notes, and vibrant aromatic profile
Elegant, crisp, and quite complex
For those who want to dig a little deeper: the Marchesi Antinori are perhaps the most renowned wine-producing family in Italy 🇮🇹
Wine Spectator has celebrated this “Tuscan aristocrat”, the 25th generation of the Antinori dynasty, as one of the greatest visionaries in Italian wine
What began as a wine trading activity back in 1385 has become a global powerhouse, with over 2,800 hectares of vineyards
Among their most celebrated creations is the incredible Tignanello — widely considered one of the finest, most famous, and internationally acclaimed Italian wines
Just south of Florence lies one of their main estates, which is open to visitors
I’ve personally been there, Antinori Chianti Classico, and it’s truly extraordinary
Beautifully integrated into the surrounding landscape, it’s an unforgettable experience that I 100% recommend 🍷
But let’s get back to the Pope’s dinner with the cardinals
The red wine served was a Ripasso della Valpolicella from Cantina Aldegheri
The bottle in the photo shows a 2018 vintage, but the one actually poured was from 2023 — a truly excellent red wine 🍷
The red comes from Valpolicella, a beautiful, small region in Veneto (Italy 🇮🇹) known for its exceptional vineyards
It’s the land of two iconic wines
The famous Amarone and the Ripasso, the one served to the Pope and the cardinals
Ripasso della Valpolicella is a smooth, full-flavored red
Made by fermenting over Amarone grape skins, it gains richness and depth
Expect notes of ripe cherry, plum, spice, and a soft touch of sweetness
Elegant, well-balanced, and perfect with hearty dishes or aged cheese
Cantina Aldegheri:
The winery chosen for the red wine, is quite different from Antinori
It’s a family-run, much younger winery, dynamic and focused on producing wines of the highest quality, all while respecting the excellence of the local terroir
Now, for the toast to the new Pope: a classic and thoroughly Italian Blanc de Blancs Ferrari
A Trentodoc, absolutely perfect for toasts and celebrations, with exceptional bubbles
Ferrari Spumante is a well-known Italian brand — sharing its name with the famous cars, though unrelated
Founded in Trento in 1902, it has been one of the world’s leading producers of classic method sparkling wines for over a century
A true symbol of Italian excellence
Ferrari Blanc de Blancs Trentodoc is made from 100% Chardonnay and aged 30 months on the lees
It features fine bubbles, fresh citrus and apple notes, with hints of brioche and almond
Elegant, crisp, and beautifully balanced, a standout Italian sparkling wine 🥂
I hope you enjoyed this short thread since it includes three great wine suggestions, all of excellent Italian quality and at accessible prices
And with that, let’s take this moment to raise a glass and send our warmest wishes for a long and wonderful pontificate to Pope Leo XIV!
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The North–South Economic Divide in Italy: Historical, Economic, and Socio-Cultural Causes
The economic divide between Northern Italy (regions such as Lombardy, Veneto, Piedmont) and the South (the Mezzogiorno, including Campania, Apulia, Basilicata, Calabria, Sicily, and Sardinia) is one of the most persistent structural problems in Italian history.
Despite the unification of 1861, today the southern per-capita GDP stands at roughly 58–60% of that of the Centre-North, with unemployment rates twice as high (over 20% in the South versus 6–8% in the North) and a dependence on state subsidies that has generated a vicious circle of welfare dependency.
This imbalance is not innate but arises from a complex interplay of historical, economic, socio-cultural, and other factors (geographical, political, institutional).
Below is an exhaustive analysis—based on historical and economic studies—showing how the gap pre-existed the Unification but dramatically widened in the decades that followed.
Explanation Part 2
Historical Causes
The roots of the divide go back thousands of years, accentuated by unification and by dynamics of “internal colonialism.”
Before unification (that is, prior to 1861), the North benefited from autonomous development: the Lombard invasion (6th century) fostered the rise of medieval city-states (10th–13th centuries), which developed a mercantile and proto-industrial bourgeoisie and became integrated into European trade routes.
By contrast, the South was dominated by foreign monarchies (Normans, Swabians, Angevins, Spaniards, Bourbons), which imposed a centralized feudal system marked by unproductive latifundia and a lack of local autonomy.
The Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (1816–1861) had a primitive agrarian economy plagued by endemic malaria, deforestation, and poor irrigation, despite abundant natural resources; per-capita GDP was similar to or slightly higher than that of the North (according to Daniele and Malanima), yet the infrastructural gaps were enormous: 14,700 km of roads compared to 75,500 in the North, and only 184 km of railways versus more than 2,300.
The unification of 1861 imposed the Piedmontese model (centralist and liberalist), treating the South as an “internal colony”: southern resources financed northern debt (which had risen by 565% before 1860) and the “industrial triangle” (Turin–Milan–Genoa).
This led to brigantaggio (1860–1870), a peasant revolt suppressed by 120,000 soldiers under martial law (the Pica Law, 1863), which alienated the South from the nascent state and perpetuated hostility.
In the twentieth century, the First World War (1915–1918) channelled industrial contracts to the North, while Fascism (1922–1943) invested in southern infrastructure (e.g. the Apulian aqueduct) but in a clientelistic manner, without structural reform.
The Second World War devastated the South (Allied bombings, mafia-US alliances), and the post-war economic boom (1950–1970) industrialized the North through the Marshall Plan, leaving the Mezzogiorno largely agrarian.