On this day in 1875, Oliver Lewis won the 1st ever Kentucky Derby.
He and his horse, Aristides, won by a reported two lengths, setting a new American record time for a mile-and-a-half race.
BLACK JOCKEYS THREAD
in 1892, Alonzo Lonnie Clayton became the youngest jockey to ever win the Kentucky Derby.
He won the race at the age of 15 & still holds the record as the youngest winning rider
Did you also know that the very first assembly of photographs to create a motion picture was a two-second clip of a Black man on a horse?
On May 17, 1875, Oliver Lewis won the very 1st Kentucky Derby.
He and his horse, Aristides, won by a reported two lengths, setting a new American record time for a mile-and-a-half race.
In the 19th century, when horse racing was America’s most popular sport, formerly enslaved men populated the ranks of jockeys and trainers & black men won more than half of the first 25 runnings of the Kentucky Derby.
Jimmy Winkfield was the last black jockey to win the Kentucky Derby.
He rode back to back winners of the Derby in 1901 and 1902.
In 1903 with the advent of Jim Crow Laws, he emigrated to Russia riding for Tsar Nicholas II and competing at racetracks all over Europe.
He won the Russian Oaks 5 times, the Russian Derby 4 times and the Warsaw Derby 2.
Jimmy Winkfield was only the second jockey to ride back to back winners of the Kentucky Derby.
The first to accomplish it was Isaac Murphy. The feat would not be duplicated until 1967.
Isaac Burns Murphy is considered one of the greatest riders in American Thoroughbred horse racing history
He rode in 11 Kentucky Derbies and won in 3 of them on Buchanan in 1884, Riley in 1890, and Kingman in 1891.
Dudley Allen, from U.S. Colored Cavalry enlistee in Civil War to first African American to own a Kentucky Derby winner, Kingman, in 1891.
After years of success, black men began getting fewer jobs on the racetrack, losing promotions and opportunities to ride top horses.
White jockeys also started to openly demand segregated competition.
In a 1905 Washington Post article titled “Negro Rider on Wane,” the writer insisted that black men were inferior and thus destined to disappear from the track, as Native Americans had inevitably disappeared from their homelands.
In the 1882 Derby, the black jockey jockey "Babe" Hurd, who rode Apollo, to victory.
Apollo had not raced as a two-year old. This was the origin of the "Apollo Curse:"
The Curse of Apollo is one of the longest, if not the longest curses in sports.
It’s a long-standing trend bettors believe justifies not backing any horse in the Kentucky Derby that was unraced as a two-year-old.
In 1971 at age of 17, Cheryl White became the first black female jockey.
She was also the first woman at a major track to win five thoroughbred races. She rode over 750 winners during her 21-year career.
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In May 1922, British South African troops killed 100+ Khoikhoi (indigenous group of people in southern Africa) for resisting taxes. They were rejecting steep tax and land grabbing, 95% of their territory was occupied.
The Bondelswarts Rebellion
A THREAD
The Bondelswarts in Namibia faced a brutal tax hike in 1921, plus pass laws and forced labor. Leader Abraham Morris rallied them at Guruchas to protect their dwindling land. But with just 15 rifles, they stood no chance against British South Africans machine guns and war planes
Morris wasn’t new to resistance. He fought Germans in 1903, using guerrilla tactics. But South Africa’s power was overwhelming. With just 15 rifles shared among fighters, 1,400 Bondelswarts stood their ground. They faced rifles, machine guns, and war planes.
On this day in 1896, the U.S Supreme Court delivered its decision in Plessy v. Ferguson, establishing the “separate but equal” doctrine and authorizing discrimination by states.
This marked the formal beginning of Jim Crow Laws.
THREAD
In 1866, a year after the amendment that ‘abolished slavery’ was ratified, Alabama, Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas, Georgia, Mississippi, Florida, Tennessee, and South Carolina began to lease out convicts for labor.
This made the business of arresting black people very lucrative, thus hundreds of white men were hired by these states as police officers.
Their primary responsibility being to search out and arrest black peoples who were in violation of ‘Black Codes’
During Jim Crow segregation, a black person could be accused of “reckless eyeballing”, which was a perceived improper look at a white person, presumed to have sexual intent. Mack was convicted of this.
A THREAD!
In Yanceyville, North Carolina, Mack Ingram, a black tenant farmer, was among the last convicted under this framework in 1951.
A 17 year old white woma, Willa Jean Boswell, testified that she was scared when her neighbor Ingram looked at her from an approximate distance of 65ft.
Prosecutors demanded a conviction of assault with intent to rape that was reduced to assault on a female by the Judge, leading to a two year sentence. He was defended by a white Lawyer, Ernest Frederick Upchurch Sr.
On this day in 1985, Philadelphia Police Department dropped a bomb onto a residential home occupied by the MOVE Organization.
The Fire Department let the fire burn out of control, destroying 61 homes over two city blocks. 11 people died including 6 children
THREAD
MOVE short for “The Movement,” and it’s largely unclear when it began; however, some people have reported remembering the group as far back as 1968.
MOVE was a black liberation group that encompassed philosophies of black nationalism, anarcho-primitivism, & animal rights. The group was founded in 1972 by John Africa (Vincent Leaphart), a native of West Philly & veteran of the Korean War.
Enslaved Black people are mostly depicted as very docile and didn't fight back. However, this was not the case and there were numerous slaves rebellion.
A THREAD!
The Stono Rebellion, the largest slave rebellion in South Carolina, on September, 1739.
On September 9th 1739 Jemmy aka Cato and 20 core group of warriors, who had been stolen from Kongo region of Central Africa.
In July of 1963, 15 black girls were arrested for protesting segregation laws at the Martin theatre. Aged 12-15, they were locked in an old, abandoned stockade for 45 days without their parents knowledge. They came to be known as The Leesburg Stockade Girls,
A THREAD
The girls marched from Friendship Baptist Church to the Martin Theater, attempting to buy tickets at the front entrance, defying segregation laws. Police attacked with batons and arrested them, transporting them to a Civil War-era stockade in Leesburg, Georgia, 15 miles away.
The stockade had no beds, a broken toilet, and only hot water from a shower. The girls slept on concrete floors in sweltering heat, ate undercooked burgers, and drank from a single cup. Parents were not informed of their location for weeks, heightening their fear and isolation.