Matt Dursh Profile picture
May 18 7 tweets 3 min read Read on X
Bridge Design for vessel impact. A 🧵 the Brooklyn Bridge.

The Brooklyn Bridge is a cable stayed suspension bridge with a main span length of 1,595 ft-6 in.

The bridge provides a 127 ft vertical clearance over the East River in New York.

The ship that bridge was 155 ft tall. 1/xImage
The vessel that struck the Brooklyn Bridge is the Cuauhtémoc and it is a Mexican Navy training ship.

The ship appears to first struck a working platform and then proceeded to strike the superstructure of the bridge.

What is the superstructure of the Brooklyn Bridge? 2/x Image
The superstructure of a bridge is what spans between the supports (called substructures).

The deck of the Brooklyn Bridge is supported by structural steel trusses.

The trusses are supported by suspenders that hang from the stay cables. 3/x Image
This video shows the tallest mast of the training ship striking the superstructure of the Brooklyn Bridge.

It struck the edge beam truss of the bridge. 4/x

The Brooklyn Bridge was opened in 1883 and at the the longest suspension bridge in the world when it was opened.

Engineers conservatively designed the bridge to be 8 times stronger than needed, but due to poorer quality materials it only resulted in 4 times as strong. 5/x Image
This conservative design for the Brooklyn Bridge benefits the resiliency of the historic structure.

Since the bridge has been reopened to traffic any damage from this ship impact was fortunately not critical. 6/x Image
Thanks for reading my thread. I am a Professional Engineer and Bridge Designer.

Let me know any questions and would be happy to answer some.

I will keep up with updates on the vessel impact that occurred on the Brooklyn Bridge. 7/7

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More from @MattDursh

Jun 3
The Kerch Bridge in Crimea has been hit with underwater explosives.

The bridge is still standing but there is no doubt damage to the foundations.

This 🧵 covers what the bridge damage could be and how challenging the repairs will be. 1/
The bridge uses a 745 feet truss arch main span to support rail and vehicles on separate structures.

The blast appears to hit the rail bridge, which is a more vital span for military transport.

The main span foundations use plumb and battered (angled) steel pipe piles. 2/ Image
There certainly piles that have failed on the bridge from this blast. How many and locations we may never know.

There are enough piles remaining to support the self weight of the structure (it is still standing).

What about its ability to carry live load or resist storms? 3/ Image
Read 6 tweets
May 18
The Brooklyn Bridge in New York City is an engineering marvel.

This 🧵 overviews the bridge design and construction behind the historic structure.

Here is how the foundations, substructure, and suspension cables for this historic bridge were built. 1/X Image
The Brooklyn Bridge is a cable-stayed suspension bridge that connects Brooklyn to Manhattan and crosses the East River.

With a main span length of 1595 feet and two back spans of 930 feet each this was the longest suspension bridge when it opened in 1883. 2/X Image
The foundations of the Brooklyn Bridge were constructed using wooden caissons.

These airtight chambers were sunk into the riverbed where workers dug the earth as pressurized air kept water out.

Decompression sickness, aka the bends, was an issue during construction. 3/X Image
Read 8 tweets
Mar 27
It has been one year since the collapse of the Francis Scott Key Bridge from vessel collision by the containership Dali.

The remaining bridge has not been removed.

No bridge foundations or temporary structures have been built.

A 🧵 on the Key Bridge design timelines. 1/12 Image
On July 23, 2024 a Categorical Exclusion was issued by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) to the Maryland Transportation Authority (MDTA).

Receiving NEPA approval allowed the rebuild of the Key Bridge to begin. 2/12 Image
The NEPA Categorical Exclusion was obtained because the number of lanes on the bridge was not changing.

The bridge width is going to be wider, in order to meet current design standards.

If a lane was added then a years long NEPA approval process would be necessary. 3/12 Image
Read 12 tweets
Nov 17, 2024
Francis Scott Key Bridge rebuild and bridge design update.

This 🧵overviews the bridge type, span lengths, pier protection, and how the replacement Francis Scott Key Bridge will be constructed. 1/9 Image
Permit drawings for the replacement Key Bridge shows the concept main span as a cable stayed bridge design.

A vertical clearance of 230 feet will be provided, greater than before.

The existing collapsed Francis Scott Key Bridge had 185 feet vertical clearance. 2/9 Image
The 1400 feet main span length with 600 feet back spans makes this is a complex cable stayed bridge.

The approach spans over water will be around 250 feet and designed for vessel collision

The total length of replacement Key Bridge is around 2.4 miles of structure. 3/9 Image
Read 9 tweets
Sep 22, 2024
The Francis Scott Key Bridge collapsed after vessel collision from the MV DALI.

This tragedy was entirely avoidable. A small change in course would have prevented ship impact.

All means to control the the motor vessel were unavailable.

A 🧵 about the unseaworthy Dali. 1/9 Image
There were four means available to control the Dali. The propeller, rudder, anchor, and bow thruster.

All of them failed.

The propulsion and steering was lost during two power outages on the motor vessel Dali.

What caused loose electrical wiring and the breakers to trip? 2/9
First power outage occurred due to vibrations from the Dali's electrical step down transformer.

Transformers convert power from high voltage to low voltage.

The Dali's transformers "long suffered the effects of heavy vibrations", a well known cause of electrical failure.

3/9 Image
Read 9 tweets
Sep 14, 2024
Bridge collapse in Dresden, Germany.

The Carola Bridge fell into the waters of the Elbe River on September 11.

A 🧵about bridge design.

(1/9) Image
Carola Bridge, also known as Carolabrücke, was a prestressed concrete box girder bridge.

The largest span was 393 ft with a total bridge length of 1,230 ft.

This complex bridge was constructed in 1971 using a span-by-span cast in place concrete on falsework supports.

(2/9) Image
This video shows a clear view of the collapse of the Carola Bridge.

It came suddenly without warning, showing a brittle failure.

Modern bridges and other structures are designed to be ductile - as in have visible deformations before failure. (3/9)

Read 9 tweets

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