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LiorLefineder Profile picture
@lefineder
May 25 • 21 tweets • 5 min read • Read on X
Highlighted threads from last month (April).
The Roman march into Saxony
The Roman conquest of Czechoslovakia. Almost.
Young blood
Limesfall
Are you richer than the Aztec elites?
Lost Germanic battles.
The conquest of Asturia
A short naval history of Classical Greece
The plot against Armenia
Eye-witness account of the fall of Thessaloniki
Ancient Greek archaeology
Callidromus' journey
Trajan-Pliny letters
Notable literary works over the past 5000 years.
Theard on "The historical figure of Jesus"
Collection of primary accounts for the sack of Rome
Bronze Age letters between Egypt and its vassals
Indian late antiquity collapse
Early Rome skepticism
Alexander's march through the Gedrosian desert
On the Phoenicians

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More from @lefineder

LiorLefineder Profile picture
Apr 26
Did the disasters that ended the Classical world and ushered in the Dark Ages extend further eastwards into India?
Demographic data collected by a Chinese Buddhist monk who spent the years AD 629-45 on a long pilgrimage in India provides some interesting clues🧵 Image
During Xuanzang's (Hiuen Tsang) travels through India, he provided a wealth of information on the size of regions and cities, and also some commentary on the state of the population in those regions. Image
And his data is surprisingly accurate when comparing the circuit size of cities from Xuanzang with archaeological measurements: Image
Read 18 tweets
LiorLefineder Profile picture
Apr 12
The ancient Greeks had a Bone Rush.
In the 7-5 centuries BC Greek states scrambled to find giant bones which they attributed to mythical Heroes. The ancient writer Pausanias alone records more than two dozen cases of finds.

We are told that the Spartans dug up the huge remains 'Orestes' in Tegea and that the Athenians did the same for the bones of the legendary Theseus which they brought from Skyros.

Since many of these finds occurred in sites that are confirmed by modern paleontologists to be plentiful in fossils, the bones of heroes were likely the fossilized remains of various extinct species.Image
Tegea, where the bones of Orestes were found "lies in a prehistoric lake basin that contains the remains of mammoths and other Ice Age mammals" Image
And the same is true for Skyros where Theses remains were discovered. Image
Read 9 tweets
LiorLefineder Profile picture
Apr 12
In 904 AD the great Byzantine city of Thessaloniki, second only to Constantinople, was sacked by the Abbasids, 15,000 persons were killed and 30,000 were taken as slaves.
John Kaminiates, a survivor, who was in the city at the time gave a detailed description of this disaster. Image
The city in its region Image
The layout of the city Image
Read 40 tweets
LiorLefineder Profile picture
Apr 10
Mountainous Asturia was the last holdup of the Islamic conquest of Iberia, it was also the last refuge of the Roman conquest of Iberia:
"In the west, almost all Spain had been subjugated, except that part which adjoins the cliffs where the Pyrenees end and is washed by the nearer waters of the ocean. Here two powerful nations, the Cantabrians and the Asturians, lived in freedom from the rule of Rome." - Florus Epitome of Roman history.
It took ten years of war under Augustus, and more than 50,000 troops to finally subjugate the region.Image
The massive Roman army with Augustus himself present enclosed the Cantabrians "on all sides", sieges were made on mountain fortresses. A besieged fort on Mount Medullus was "surrounded by a continuous earthwork extending over eighteen miles" Image
Many of the besieged committed mass suicide rather than be captured Image
Read 10 tweets
LiorLefineder Profile picture
Mar 18
Strabo on productive capacity and loot taken from Carthage at the end of the Punic Wad.
"After being besieged and compelled to surrender, they delivered up 200,000 complete suits of armor and 3000 engines for throwing projectiles" Image
"The Romans made a province of that part of the country which had been subject to Carthage, and appointed ruler of the rest Masanasses and his descendants, beginning with Micipsa"
"For the Romans paid particular attention to Masanasses on account of his great abilities and friendship for them. For he it was who formed the nomades to civil life, and directed their attention to husbandry. Instead of robbers he taught them to be soldiers."
Read 5 tweets
LiorLefineder Profile picture
Mar 15
Synesius, a member of the Greek elite of the coastal town of Cyrene, had a bad time at the court of Emperor Arcadius, and is now sailing back to the comfort of his home, but comfort is the last thing he'll get.
Instead he will "suffer such things as we never thought to happen even in our dreams."Image
"Hear my story then, that you may have no further leisure for your mocking wit, and I will tell you first of all how our crew was made up."
The Captain, 'Amarantus', was "bankrupt" and fearless of death.
Beside him there were 12 sailors, "more than half were jews" and the rest "peasants" who "never gripped an oar." Image
Read 27 tweets

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