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Jul 9 • 7 tweets • 4 min read • Read on X
Zachary Taylor, Old Rough and Ready đź§µ

1/ On this day, July 9, 1850, America lost its 12th president, Zachary Taylor, dying in office. A war hero turned statesman, his brief presidency left a lasting mark. Let’s explore his rugged life, from battlefields to the White House—a story of grit and duty. #AmericanHistory #ZacharyTaylorImage
Early Life

2/ Zachary Taylor was born on November 24, 1784, in Orange County, Virginia, to a prominent family. His father, Richard, a Revolutionary War veteran, moved the family to Kentucky’s frontier. Raised on a rugged homestead, Taylor had little formal education but learned horsemanship and survival skills. By his 20s, he was drawn to military life, his frontier upbringing shaping a tough, no-nonsense leader nicknamed “Old Rough and Ready.”Image
Military Career: Early Service

3/ In 1808, at 24, Taylor joined the U.S. Army as a first lieutenant in the 7th Infantry. Stationed in the Northwest Territory, he defended forts during the War of 1812, earning a promotion to major after repulsing a British-Native attack at Fort Harrison (1812). Through the 1820s and 1830s, he served in the Black Hawk War and Seminole Wars, commanding with grit in harsh conditions, building a reputation as a soldier’s soldier who shared his men’s hardships.Image
Military Career: Mexican-American War

4/ Taylor’s fame soared in the Mexican-American War (1846-1848). As a general, he led victories at Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma (1846), using artillery to outmaneuver larger Mexican forces. His capture of Monterrey and the stunning triumph at Buena Vista (1847), against 4-to-1 odds, made him a national hero. His plain-spoken courage and battlefield savvy earned him widespread admiration, setting the stage for political calls.Image
Whig Party

5/ Taylor’s war hero status made him a prime presidential candidate by 1848. Whigs, seeking a popular figure to rival Democrats, saw his fame as a vote-winner, despite his lack of political experience. His vague stance on issues appealed to a divided nation, and his outsider image—never having voted—drew support from those tired of career politicians. The party believed “Old Rough and Ready” could unify voters with his blunt, patriotic appeal.Image
Presidency

6/ Elected president in 1848 as a Whig, Taylor took office in March 1849. His brief tenure (16 months) focused on preserving the Union amid growing sectional tensions. He pushed for rapid statehood for California and New Mexico, favoring free territories, and stood firm against Southern threats of secession. His no-nonsense style clashed with Congress, but his death on July 9, 1850, from a sudden illness cut short his efforts to bridge divides.Image
Death and Legacy

7/ On July 4, 1850, Taylor attended a sweltering Independence Day event in Washington, D.C. Days later, he fell ill, likely from gastroenteritis, and died on July 9 at age 65. The nation mourned its warrior-president, with thousands lining the streets for his funeral. His legacy endures as a symbol of rugged leadership, his Mexican War victories and Unionist stance shaping America’s path. The Zachary Taylor National Cemetery honors his service. #OldRoughAndReadyImage

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More from @ManifestHistory

Jul 10
July 10, 1832: Jackson’s Veto and the Beginning of the End for the 2nd National Bank

1/ On this day, President Andrew Jackson shocked the nation by vetoing the bill to recharter the Second Bank of the United States. It wasn’t just a policy decision—it was a declaration of war against what Jackson saw as a monstrous institution, a “hydra of corruption” that concentrated too much power in the hands of elites. His veto message was fiery, populist, and unapologetic, accusing the Bank of fostering inequality and undermining democracy. Let’s dive into the Bank War, one of the defining battles of Jackson’s presidency. 🧵Image
The Second Bank’s Creation

2/ To understand the Bank War, we need to go back to 1816. The Second Bank of the United States was chartered by Congress after the financial chaos of the War of 1812 when Congress suspend d specie payment, resulting in hyper-inflation. The Bank, headquartered in Philadelphia, was a hybrid: privately run but government-backed, with a 20-year charter. It controlled credit, issued currency, but it also wielded immense influence. By the 1820s, under its president, Nicholas Biddle, the Bank was a powerhouse, managing federal funds and shaping monetary policy. To its supporters, it was a pillar of economic order. To critics like Jackson, it was an unconstitutional, elitist tool to control wealth.Image
Jackson’s Rise to Power

3/ Enter Andrew Jackson, elected president in 1828 as the champion of the “common man.” A frontiersman, war hero, and populist, Jackson distrusted concentrated power—whether in government, corporations, or banks. He saw the Second Bank as a tool of wealthy Eastern elites, manipulating the economy for their own gain. Jackson’s personal experiences, including financial losses from speculative banking in his youth, fueled his hatred of banks. His election marked a shift toward populist democracy, and he wasn’t about to let an unelected institution like the Bank dictate the nation’s future.Image
Read 8 tweets
Jul 5
Siege of Vicksburg: May 18–July 4, 1863

1/ From May 18 to July 4, 1863, Vicksburg, Mississippi, became the focal point of the Civil War’s Western Theater. Ulysses S. Grant’s Union army, 77,000 strong, besieged John C. Pemberton’s 33,000 Confederates, entrenched in the fortress city. The 47-day ordeal, marked by assaults, bombardments, and starvation, aimed to seize control of the Mississippi River. Vicksburg’s fall, with 35,000 Confederate casualties and surrenders, was a Union triumph, splitting the Confederacy. This thread traces the siege’s grueling phases, from bloody attacks to the city’s surrender, a turning point that reshaped the war.Image
Grant’s Campaign and Arrival at Vicksburg

2/ In spring 1863, Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant launched a daring campaign to capture Vicksburg, the Confederacy’s Mississippi stronghold. After victories at Port Gibson, Raymond, and Champion Hill, Grant’s 50,000-man army outmaneuvered Lt. Gen. John C. Pemberton’s 33,000 defenders. By May 17, Grant drove Pemberton into Vicksburg’s fortifications, a 7-mile ring of trenches and forts atop bluffs. Crossing the Big Black River, Grant encircled the city by May 18, cutting supply lines. With Sherman, McPherson, and McClernand’s corps in place, Grant prepared to storm the “Gibraltar of the West,” setting the stage for a brutal siege.Image
First Assault (May 19)

3/ On May 19, 1863, Grant, eager to avoid a prolonged siege, launched his first assault on Vicksburg’s defenses. Sherman’s XV Corps, 15,000 strong, attacked Stockade Redan, a key fort north of the city, expecting weakened Confederate resolve. Pemberton’s 20,000 entrenched troops, under generals like Forney and Smith, repulsed the attack with rifle volleys and artillery fire. Union troops, pinned by steep ravines and abatis, suffered 1,000 casualties, including 150 dead, while Confederate losses were under 200. The failure convinced Grant to plan a larger, coordinated assault, as Vicksburg’s fortifications proved formidable.Image
Read 9 tweets
Jul 4
Independence Day 🇺🇸

🧵 1/ The Fourth of July marks the adoption of the Declaration of Independence in 1776, when 13 American colonies declared themselves free from British rule. But what sparked this bold move, and how did we get here? Let’s explore the history behind Independence Day. 🇺🇸 #FourthofJuly #AmericanHistoryImage
2/ By the 1760s, tensions between Britain and the colonies were boiling. The French and Indian War (1754–1763) left Britain in debt, so they taxed the colonies to recover costs. Acts like the Stamp Act (1765) and Tea Act (1773) infuriated colonists, who had no say in Parliament. “No taxation without representation” became their rally cry.Image
3/ The colonists didn’t just sit quietly. Protests erupted—think Boston Tea Party (1773), where Patriots dumped tea into the harbor to defy the Tea Act. Britain retaliated with the Coercive Acts (1774), shutting down Boston’s port and tightening control. This only united the colonies further against the Crown.Image
Read 8 tweets
Jul 3
Major General Winfield Scott Hancock đź§µ

1/ As we commemorate the Battle of Gettysburg’s anniversary (July 1-3, 1863), I’m spotlighting leaders who defined this Civil War turning point. Today: Major General Winfield Scott Hancock, the Union’s “Superb” commander whose stand on Day 3 held off Pickett’s Charge. His courage and tragic bond with a Confederate friend make this a must-read tale of duty and sacrifice.Image
Early Life

2/ Winfield Scott Hancock was born on February 14, 1824, in Montgomery Square, Pennsylvania, one of twin brothers. Named after the War of 1812 hero, Hancock grew up in a middle-class family, his father a lawyer and veteran. A studious yet spirited youth, he entered West Point in 1840, graduating in 1844 (18th of 25 in a class including Simon Bolivar Buckner). His early life shaped a charismatic leader, loyal to the Union, with a knack for inspiring men—a trait that would shine at Gettysburg.Image
Early Military Career

3/ Commissioned into the 6th U.S. Infantry, Hancock served in the Mexican-American War (1846-48), earning a brevet for gallantry at Contreras and Churubusco, where he forged a lifelong friendship with Lewis Armistead. Stationed on the frontier, he fought in the Seminole Wars and managed tensions in “Bleeding Kansas” (1850s). By 1861, as a captain in California, Hancock’s reputation for cool-headedness and discipline marked him as a rising star. His bond with Armistead, deepened in these years, would haunt him in the war to come.Image
Read 7 tweets
Jul 3
The Battle of Gettysburg: Day 3 đź§µ

1/ On July 3, 1863, Gettysburg reached its climax, with 140,000 troops locked in a desperate struggle. From Culp’s Hill to the fields south of town, Day 3’s battles—culminating in Pickett’s Charge—produced over 15,000 casualties, deciding the battle’s outcome. Lee’s Confederates staked everything on breaking Meade’s Union line, while the Army of the Potomac fought to hold the high ground. Cavalry clashes and artillery duels framed the day’s drama, as the Civil War’s turning point unfolded. This thread covers Day 3, where courage and carnage changed the trajectory of the war.Image
Morning Dispositions and Plans for July 3

2/ At dawn on July 3, 1863, Meade’s 85,000 Union troops fortified their fishhook line along Cemetery Hill, Culp’s Hill, and Cemetery Ridge, bolstered by II, III, and XII Corps. Meade anticipated a Confederate attack, focusing on defense. Lee, with 65,000 men, held Seminary Ridge and Gettysburg, his army battered but resolute. Frustrated by Day 2’s failures, Lee planned a massive assault on the Union center, led by Longstreet, with Pickett’s fresh division, while Ewell renewed attacks on Culp’s Hill and Stuart’s cavalry probed the Union rear. Both commanders braced for a decisive confrontation under a sweltering sun.Image
Morning Fighting on Culp’s Hill

3/ From 4:00 AM on July 3, Union XII Corps, under Brig. Gen. George S. Greene, launched a counterattack to reclaim Culp’s Hill trenches lost to Johnson’s Confederates. Over 10,000 Union troops, backed by artillery, blasted Ewell’s brigades—Steuart’s and Daniel’s—in a seven-hour slugfest. By 11:00 AM, relentless Union assaults, led by regiments like the 137th New York, drove the Confederates off the hill, securing the Union right. The fighting, marked by heavy musketry and cannon fire, cost over 2,000 casualties, ending Lee’s hopes of turning Meade’s flank and shifting his focus to the Union center.Image
Read 9 tweets
Jul 2
Major General George E. Pickett đź§µ

1/ As we mark the anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg (July 1-3, 1863), I’m spotlighting Confederate and Union leaders who defined this Civil War battle. Today: Major General George E. Pickett, whose name is forever tied to the fateful charge on Day 3. His story of ambition, valor, and tragedy is sure to captivate. Join me to explore why Pickett’s Charge still echoes in history.Image
Early Life

2/ George Edward Pickett was born on January 16, 1825, in Richmond, Virginia, to a wealthy planter family. Raised in a society that prized honor and military tradition, Pickett developed a flamboyant personality and a flair for leadership. He secured an appointment to West Point through political connections, graduating in 1846—last in his class of 59, a group that included future generals like George McClellan and Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson. His early life foreshadowed a career marked by boldness and controversy.Image
Early Military Career

3/ After West Point, Pickett joined the U.S. Army’s 8th Infantry, serving in the Mexican-American War (1846-48). He earned praise for bravery at the Battle of Chapultepec, where he was among the first to scale the walls and plant the American flag. Stationed on the frontier in Texas and later in Washington Territory, he gained fame during the 1859 “Pig War,” a bloodless standoff with British forces, where his defiant stand over a disputed island showcased his audacity. By 1861, Captain Pickett was a seasoned officer, ready for the Civil War’s challenges.Image
Read 7 tweets

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