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Daniel Park Profile picture
@Daniel_E_Park
Jul 13 • 5 tweets • 2 min read • Read on X
Interesting new study comparing individuals with ME/CFS, Long COVID, and healthy controls using MRI spectroscopy, cognitive tests, and metabolites. Image
ME/CFS patients had higher lactate in pgACC & dACC, hinting at mitochondrial dysfunction & anaerobic metabolism. Long COVID patients showed lower total choline in dACC, possibly tied to clotting & brain fog.
nature.com/articles/s4138…
Cognition: In ME/CFS, higher lactate correlated with worse verbal fluency. In Long COVID, lower choline linked to poorer executive function. No significant differences in muscle metabolites. Image
In summary, ME/CFS & Long COVID share fatigue symptoms but differ in brain chemistry: lactate for ME/CFS, choline for Long COVID. These suggest distinct mechanisms behind symptoms, paving the way for targeted therapies.
Lastly, a reminder that vaccination remains a critical tool to help prevent long COVID, along with other interventions such as cleaner air

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More from @Daniel_E_Park

Daniel Park Profile picture
Jul 4
The Novavax COVID-19 platform results in lower relative levels of IgG4 compared with mRNA.
IgG4 is additionally linked with lower neutralizing antibody & Fc effector functions.
Lower levels of immune imprinting also seen with NVX, highlighting further benefits of the platform. Image
Link to study:
"Overall, IgG4 levels were notably higher (>150x) in participants primed by mRNA vaccines (8567.1 ng/mL) compared with those primed by the rS protein–based vaccine (48.7 ng/mL)."journalofinfection.com/article/S0163-…
And link to my prior thoughts on the pre-print:

In short, the Novavax vaccine drives a robust immune response, with higher IgG3 antibodies compared w/ mRNA vaccines. IgG3 is key for potent neutralization & Fc-effector functions like phagocytosis
Read 5 tweets
Daniel Park Profile picture
Jun 9
Additional findings from the PREVENT novavax randomized trial on the 4th sequential dose:
- Robust and durable immune responses (8+ months)
- Original strain vaccine had cross protection vs. strains circulating 3 years later (BA.5, BQ.1.1)
- Low reactogenicity (side effects) Image
Link to paper:
sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
Durability is notable. The antibody levels 8 months after the first booster were similar or higher than levels after the primary series, in both adults and adolescents. Image
Read 9 tweets
Daniel Park Profile picture
May 28
Folks have asked me about how I feel about this. Honestly, just sad.

Sad that health has become a political football.
Sad for all the infants who will suffer from preventable illness.
Sad that more children will not have the option of preventing long COVID.
It's common sense and good science that infants do not have the natural immunity that protects the vast majority of the rest of the population.

Studies agree infants and the elderly are at highest risk of severe disease.
cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/7…
Simply, recent variants appear milder largely because nearly everyone has vaccine and/or infection acquired immunity. Newborns do not have this and thus the risk remains similarly high as people's first infection. Maternal immunization provides antibodies

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.11…
Read 10 tweets
Daniel Park Profile picture
May 20
Marty Markary and Vinay Prasad (FDA Chief and CBER Director) released their perspective on COVID-19 vaccination in a NEJM piece today, with an accompanying webcast.

My quick thoughtsnejm.org/doi/full/10.10…
First, I think they raise some reasonable points. I support their goal of increasing trust in vaccines. They do point out young children as having higher risk with COVID infections. They see significant antigenic shifts requiring broad booster uptake.
I have a few concerns as well. A recurring theme on the webcast was being able to provide individual guidance. I agree that booster decisions are ideally individual. However, if the proper evidence base is there, restricting authorization simply limits choice.
Read 8 tweets
Daniel Park Profile picture
Apr 24
Large study in children and adolescents shows that SARS-CoV-2 infection is linked with long term cardiovascular complications Image
Study is part of the RECOVER consortium with over 1 million kids.
Link to the paper: nature.com/articles/s4146…
Children and adolescents with SARS-COV-2 infection had higher risk of heart failure, chest pain, myocarditis, cardiac arrest, among others. Nearly double the risk of any outcome with infection. Image
Read 7 tweets
Daniel Park Profile picture
Apr 10
Excited to see our paper out on determinants of SARS-COV-2 infection risk.
Nasal ACE2 and TMPRSS2 levels can predict higher risk of COVID-19.
The nasal microbiome can alter ACE2/TMPRSS2 levels, thus potentially modifying infection risk. Image
Elevated ACE2 and TMPRSS2 levels were higher in individuals who went on to be infected. Higher levels were associated with a four times higher odds of future infection. Cases also had more unstable ACE2 and TMPRSS2 levels over time (i.e. potentially longer windows of risk) Image
Detection of high levels of specific bacteria in the nasal microbiome increased ACE2 and TMPRSS2 levels. One bacteria (dolosigranulum) was linked to lower levels. Dolosigranulum has also shown beneficial characteristics vs severity in other studies Image
Read 5 tweets

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