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Daniel Park Profile picture
@Daniel_E_Park
Aug 7 • 4 tweets • 2 min read • Read on X
Excellent durability up to one year following Novavax booster doses shown in a new study from Japan.

Correlates of protection estimate 66% throughout the first year following first booster, and 88% throughout second year after 2nd booster. Image
Link to study:

Slight limitation that antibody patterns suggest some people likely had asymptomatic infections that were not captured. However, I'll note that the asymptomatic infection scenario (avoiding moderate/severe disease) is also a good outcome.sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
Lastly, correlates of protection have a degree of uncertainty. However, the data for NVX are quite good on this front
nature.com/articles/s4146…
Robust and durable immune responses with low reactogenicity (side effects) and a reassuring safety profile make NVX another excellent option for a COVID booster.

All COVID vaccines reduce risk of severe illness and Long COVID.

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More from @Daniel_E_Park

Daniel Park Profile picture
Jul 22
Long COVID doesn't just pose threat to personal wellbeing, it impacts families, communities, and the national economy.

Recent estimates show it’s sidelined millions of workers, cost trillions in lost productivity, and is quietly reshaping the U.S. labor market and economy. Image
A recent nationwide study found:
- 35 million U.S. adults (1 in 7) have had long COVID symptoms
- 30 million are working-age
- 24 million face mental health or financial strain

This number is bigger than the entire population of Texas.
Link to study: nature.com/articles/s4385…
Lost wages from long COVID:
- $211B in 2022
- $218B in 2023

That’s similar to the GDP of countries like Portugal, Greece, or New Zealand taken away from household incomes.
Read 12 tweets
Daniel Park Profile picture
Jul 13
Interesting new study comparing individuals with ME/CFS, Long COVID, and healthy controls using MRI spectroscopy, cognitive tests, and metabolites. Image
ME/CFS patients had higher lactate in pgACC & dACC, hinting at mitochondrial dysfunction & anaerobic metabolism. Long COVID patients showed lower total choline in dACC, possibly tied to clotting & brain fog.
nature.com/articles/s4138…
Cognition: In ME/CFS, higher lactate correlated with worse verbal fluency. In Long COVID, lower choline linked to poorer executive function. No significant differences in muscle metabolites. Image
Read 5 tweets
Daniel Park Profile picture
Jul 4
The Novavax COVID-19 platform results in lower relative levels of IgG4 compared with mRNA.
IgG4 is additionally linked with lower neutralizing antibody & Fc effector functions.
Lower levels of immune imprinting also seen with NVX, highlighting further benefits of the platform. Image
Link to study:
"Overall, IgG4 levels were notably higher (>150x) in participants primed by mRNA vaccines (8567.1 ng/mL) compared with those primed by the rS protein–based vaccine (48.7 ng/mL)."journalofinfection.com/article/S0163-…
And link to my prior thoughts on the pre-print:

In short, the Novavax vaccine drives a robust immune response, with higher IgG3 antibodies compared w/ mRNA vaccines. IgG3 is key for potent neutralization & Fc-effector functions like phagocytosis
Read 5 tweets
Daniel Park Profile picture
Jun 9
Additional findings from the PREVENT novavax randomized trial on the 4th sequential dose:
- Robust and durable immune responses (8+ months)
- Original strain vaccine had cross protection vs. strains circulating 3 years later (BA.5, BQ.1.1)
- Low reactogenicity (side effects) Image
Link to paper:
sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
Durability is notable. The antibody levels 8 months after the first booster were similar or higher than levels after the primary series, in both adults and adolescents. Image
Read 9 tweets
Daniel Park Profile picture
May 28
Folks have asked me about how I feel about this. Honestly, just sad.

Sad that health has become a political football.
Sad for all the infants who will suffer from preventable illness.
Sad that more children will not have the option of preventing long COVID.
It's common sense and good science that infants do not have the natural immunity that protects the vast majority of the rest of the population.

Studies agree infants and the elderly are at highest risk of severe disease.
cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/7…
Simply, recent variants appear milder largely because nearly everyone has vaccine and/or infection acquired immunity. Newborns do not have this and thus the risk remains similarly high as people's first infection. Maternal immunization provides antibodies

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.11…
Read 10 tweets
Daniel Park Profile picture
May 20
Marty Markary and Vinay Prasad (FDA Chief and CBER Director) released their perspective on COVID-19 vaccination in a NEJM piece today, with an accompanying webcast.

My quick thoughtsnejm.org/doi/full/10.10…
First, I think they raise some reasonable points. I support their goal of increasing trust in vaccines. They do point out young children as having higher risk with COVID infections. They see significant antigenic shifts requiring broad booster uptake.
I have a few concerns as well. A recurring theme on the webcast was being able to provide individual guidance. I agree that booster decisions are ideally individual. However, if the proper evidence base is there, restricting authorization simply limits choice.
Read 8 tweets

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