Diane Swonk Profile picture
Aug 12 10 tweets 2 min read Read on X
Good news. Inflation comes in as expected quit more drag from shelter costs. Rents are cooling and hotel room rates continued to plummet in July.

The sticking point is the Core CPI, which was up 0.3% but rounded to a 3.1% gain from a year ago.
That is the hottest pace for the core, which excludes the volatile food and energy components.

Why does the Fed care so much about the core. It included more things it can affect and it tends to be the best indicator of where momentum is headed, which is up for prices.
Durable goods prices increased at their fastest year over year pace since November 2022 after placing a drag on inflation much of last year and the start of this year.

The super core services, which strips out shelter and utilities, soared 0.5%, it fastest pace since January.
The increase from a year ago was 3.7%, the hottest annual pace since February. That compares to 2.2% in 2019

Many hoped that service sector inflation would cool and offset the upward pressure due to tariffs. The opposite is occurring, which will catch the Fed’s attention.
Gains in the service sector showed up in health care, vehicle insurance, postage/shipping, financial services and airfares.

Airfares rebounded after cooling earlier in the year.

This is all prior to tariffs still to be felt in the pipeline - firms announced more increases…
…for August, including consumer in the cost of many consumer staples. It takes a 6-18 months for the initial effects of tariffs to work their way through the economy. That coupled with the doubling of the June effective tariff rate in August, suggests the bulls of…
…the tariff-induced inflation is still ahead of us.

The service sector inflation needs to be watched. That was the stickiest part of the pandemic-induce inflation. We can’t afford a u-turn in it.
Financial markets are betting heavily on a September rate cut. The devil in the details on this data is not easy for the Fed. They will need to see a further weakening in demand and the labor market to feel comfortable cutting, while inflation is moving up.
We are due another forecast with the September meeting. Look for more participants to coalesce around two cuts. That average could be pulled down if the president’s nominee to temporarily replace Gov Adriana Kugler is sworn in by Sept. We have held to two cuts this year.
The September meeting will be live but Powell will be reluctant to telegraph a certain cut in September, given all the data on both inflation & employment cut out prior to then. Dissents will persist if they do not cut. We still have two cuts penciled in by year end.

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More from @DianeSwonk

Aug 1
Employment stalls out in July with huge downward revisions to previous months.

We only saw 85K jobs per month year to date, down from 168K average in 2024.

The three legs of job gains since mid 2023 - state & local, healthcare & social assistance & leisure & hospitality -….
…are down to one. Health care & social assistance, buoyed by aging demographics as opposed to a strong economy accounted for all of the job gains in July.

That is not a stable place to be.

Average hourly earnings jumped 0.3% and accelerated to 3.9%.
There was a surge in retail wages, which jumped 1.2% in July alone, its fastest pace emerging from the pandemic in July 2020.

A rise minimum wages amplified that “unseasonal jump” in retail wages. Brace for some give back in August.
Read 14 tweets
Jul 30
Wow.

GDP whipsawed by tariff front running. Real GDP rebounded at 3% annualized rate in the second quarter after dropping 0.3% in the second quarter. That puts that average for the first half at 1.3%, less than half the 2.8% we saw in second half 2024.
The largest movers were the swing in the trade deficit, which went from boom to bust and inventories, which rose and ebbed with imports.

Consumer spending rose a tepid 1.4%, better than the 0.5% of the first quarter but still tepid

Housing continued to contract…
Business investment fell slightly, with a drop in structures offsetting a modest increase in new equipment.

Inventories liquidated and gains in state and local spending offset a drop in federal outlays, notably in discretionary spending. Funding approved by Congress…
Read 9 tweets
Jul 22
The mother of all front running cycles.

Late last year imports starter to pick up, notably from China. The 2018 continued through the next administration but many firms rightly bet that it would escalate via much higher tariffs w/the president’s return.
Then, those gains were turbocharged as tariff threats intensified in the first quarter. Imports soared in what could best be termed the mother of all front-running cycles. They hit a crescendo in March.
Those increase buoyed production across our trading partners. Our trade deficit widened at its fastest pace on record, by nearly double.

At the same time, the consumer became tentative and consumer spending all but froze along with the housing market.
Read 19 tweets
Jul 2
ADP payrolls dip 33K.

The payroll data by ADP was revised several years ago. It no longer is meant to predict the official payroll survey that we see at the national level but does add valuable color to our read of the labor market.

Hiring freezes and…
…are taking a toll, esp on new entrants into the labor force are struggling.

Hiring freezes are taking a toll even though layoffs remain low.

The losses were largest in Professional business services, health and education.

Funding freezes are playing a role.
Heathcare has been the largest driver of employment gains for some time.

This is a sector hit by funding freezes & loss of immigrant labor.

Manufacturing added jobs. There was a rush to related to pause on most prohibitive tariffs against
China. Unclear how long can persist
Read 6 tweets
Jul 2
Tariffs are playing havoc with economic behaviors & data, triggering the mother of all front-running cycles.

- Imports soared in the first quarter, as companies scrambled to get ahead of tariffs, which when combined with weak exports, caused the largest jump..
..in the trade deficit on record.

In April, we saw a massive pull-back and plunge in the trade deficit - largest on record.

BUT, pause in most prohibitive of tariffs on China triggered another scramble to get goods into the country.

Much like the pandemic…
The pause disrupted shipping and triggered a surge in shipping costs as ships were redeployed to get goods from China back on the water and in the door prior to the risk of another surge in tariffs.

Those shifts boosted some survey data on manufacturing & orders
Read 11 tweets
Jun 27
The personal income and expenditures report was gut wrenching.

Income tumbled along with spending as the surge in retirees rushing to to get to tap Social Security payments last month reversed. That pushed overall incomes down 0.7% and more than reversed the gains of April.
The level of personal income after adjusting for inflation dropped to its lowest level since December, before the start of the year.

The loss in incomes absent the distortions created by social security payments set overall incomes back to March levels. That is still weak.
Spending contracted a less dramatic 0.3% as we suffered a payback in vehicle sales, following a front- running of tariffs by consumers in late March and early April.

However, losses were broad based and worrisome given downward revisions to consumer spending in 2Q.
Read 8 tweets

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