Diane Swonk Profile picture
Sep 11 8 tweets 2 min read Read on X
Producers prices reveal margin compression, consumer prices moving higher.

That is what the Fed forecast would happen in 2025. Proven harder to live with increases in inflation & unemployment in real time.
Goods and services both risking, with affluent households buoying travel costs.

Those out on vacation in August dropped to second lowest on record as low and middle income households curbed discretionary spending. Travel over labor day hit all time high.
Air fares snd hotel rooms regained ground lost earlier in the year.

Vehicles and vehicle repairs moving up with other big ticket goods prices. That will spillover into the cost of insurance along with last year’s hurricanes and fires at start of year.
Coffee prices got an extra boost from 50% tariffs on Brazil. Combined with poor harvest to push prices up more that 20% from a year ago and within tenths of all time largest year-on-year increase in 2011. We will soon exceed that record.
The PPI and CPI data suggest that the PCE measure of inflation will come in hot as well.

Look for 0.3% overall and with rounding we could see core rise 0.4%. That would push PCE to a 2.8% annual gain from 2.6% in July, its hottest pace since March 2024.
Core PCE could jump 3.1% with rounding from a year ago in August. That is the hottest pace since November 2023!

That is the wrong direction for the Fed.

Is it transitory or normalizing inflation. That is the puzzle for the Fed.
Fed has duel mandate. Price stability and full employment. We are missing on both BUT can’t sustain full employment without price stability.

That leaves the Fed at odds with itself, with doves betting the boost in price is transitory and lobbying for an outsized cut &…
…hawks pushing to stand pat.

We could easily see dissents move in opposite directions at the September meeting. The last time we saw that was September 2019, on heels of 2018-19 trade war.

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More from @DianeSwonk

Aug 12
Good news. Inflation comes in as expected quit more drag from shelter costs. Rents are cooling and hotel room rates continued to plummet in July.

The sticking point is the Core CPI, which was up 0.3% but rounded to a 3.1% gain from a year ago.
That is the hottest pace for the core, which excludes the volatile food and energy components.

Why does the Fed care so much about the core. It included more things it can affect and it tends to be the best indicator of where momentum is headed, which is up for prices.
Durable goods prices increased at their fastest year over year pace since November 2022 after placing a drag on inflation much of last year and the start of this year.

The super core services, which strips out shelter and utilities, soared 0.5%, it fastest pace since January.
Read 10 tweets
Aug 1
Employment stalls out in July with huge downward revisions to previous months.

We only saw 85K jobs per month year to date, down from 168K average in 2024.

The three legs of job gains since mid 2023 - state & local, healthcare & social assistance & leisure & hospitality -….
…are down to one. Health care & social assistance, buoyed by aging demographics as opposed to a strong economy accounted for all of the job gains in July.

That is not a stable place to be.

Average hourly earnings jumped 0.3% and accelerated to 3.9%.
There was a surge in retail wages, which jumped 1.2% in July alone, its fastest pace emerging from the pandemic in July 2020.

A rise minimum wages amplified that “unseasonal jump” in retail wages. Brace for some give back in August.
Read 14 tweets
Jul 30
Wow.

GDP whipsawed by tariff front running. Real GDP rebounded at 3% annualized rate in the second quarter after dropping 0.3% in the second quarter. That puts that average for the first half at 1.3%, less than half the 2.8% we saw in second half 2024.
The largest movers were the swing in the trade deficit, which went from boom to bust and inventories, which rose and ebbed with imports.

Consumer spending rose a tepid 1.4%, better than the 0.5% of the first quarter but still tepid

Housing continued to contract…
Business investment fell slightly, with a drop in structures offsetting a modest increase in new equipment.

Inventories liquidated and gains in state and local spending offset a drop in federal outlays, notably in discretionary spending. Funding approved by Congress…
Read 9 tweets
Jul 22
The mother of all front running cycles.

Late last year imports starter to pick up, notably from China. The 2018 continued through the next administration but many firms rightly bet that it would escalate via much higher tariffs w/the president’s return.
Then, those gains were turbocharged as tariff threats intensified in the first quarter. Imports soared in what could best be termed the mother of all front-running cycles. They hit a crescendo in March.
Those increase buoyed production across our trading partners. Our trade deficit widened at its fastest pace on record, by nearly double.

At the same time, the consumer became tentative and consumer spending all but froze along with the housing market.
Read 19 tweets
Jul 2
ADP payrolls dip 33K.

The payroll data by ADP was revised several years ago. It no longer is meant to predict the official payroll survey that we see at the national level but does add valuable color to our read of the labor market.

Hiring freezes and…
…are taking a toll, esp on new entrants into the labor force are struggling.

Hiring freezes are taking a toll even though layoffs remain low.

The losses were largest in Professional business services, health and education.

Funding freezes are playing a role.
Heathcare has been the largest driver of employment gains for some time.

This is a sector hit by funding freezes & loss of immigrant labor.

Manufacturing added jobs. There was a rush to related to pause on most prohibitive tariffs against
China. Unclear how long can persist
Read 6 tweets
Jul 2
Tariffs are playing havoc with economic behaviors & data, triggering the mother of all front-running cycles.

- Imports soared in the first quarter, as companies scrambled to get ahead of tariffs, which when combined with weak exports, caused the largest jump..
..in the trade deficit on record.

In April, we saw a massive pull-back and plunge in the trade deficit - largest on record.

BUT, pause in most prohibitive of tariffs on China triggered another scramble to get goods into the country.

Much like the pandemic…
The pause disrupted shipping and triggered a surge in shipping costs as ships were redeployed to get goods from China back on the water and in the door prior to the risk of another surge in tariffs.

Those shifts boosted some survey data on manufacturing & orders
Read 11 tweets

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