Abu Hurayra Profile picture
Sep 18 5 tweets 4 min read Read on X
Over a year ago, I published a 30,000+ word essay on the topic of Islam and human evolution. This was largely driven by my frustration with the state of Muslim discourse on the topic.

Now, I'll be publishing a detailed, accessible blog series on the same topic—hopefully in simple English.

Link:

Here's my pitch. 🧵 (1/5)islamandscience.substack.com/p/series-annou…Image
According to mainstream scientific consensus, there's an overwhelming amount of evidence for human evolution—data from comparative anatomy, genetics, fossil record—all converge on the general idea that modern humans shared a common ancestor with chimpanzees, other great apes, and earthly biodiversity at large.

And yet, in the face of this, Muslims generally believe modern humans were created from a single couple, who came about via an act of supernatural creation. These original pair had no parents—much less shared ancestry with animals.

How do we, as Muslims, address this challenge? (2/5)Image
A lot has been written on evolution and Islam. See the figure below for a sampling.

However, I realized that none of these treatments—including recent ones—came even close to addressing what I think is the singularly important challenge: the evidence for human evolution.

Part of this was the authors' lack of expertise, which led them to not fully grasping what the evidence is.

The most pressing challenge in the field of Islam and science—perhaps the one that epitomizes the conflict between tradition and modernity.

The challenge high school students are exposed to, that pre-med kids come across.

There seemed to be no good material on this topic. (3/5)Image
In my essay, I argue for the following thesis:

"When looking at the totality of the evidence, the Islamic creation model explains the data surrounding human origins just as well, if not better, than a common ancestry model."

I defend this thesis by carefully developing an Islamic creation model, one that incorporates recent work in natural theology and philosophy of religion. In the process, I also evaluate and integrate what Muslim and Christian authors have said on the topic.

I don't do this by ham-handed appeals to philosophy of science, or by conspiratorially denying scientific data, or by going for non-standard, heterodox interpretations of scripture.

Here's the link to the original essay, in case you're curious - academia.edu/104895405/A_Mu… (4/5)
While the essay has received a lot of views, peer reviews have been rare (@Evollaqi's thread on the topic is one exception). I suspect the length, the challenging nature of the content, and the less-than-optimal organization of the essay were all contributing factors.

To remedy this, I have now decided to write a long but accessible blog series on the topic, where I'll analyze the problem, evaluate existing solutions, and defend the Islamic creation model at length.

I suspect a lot of the series will also involve rants against other popular treatments on the topic—which is always fun.

Here's the link, once again - islamandscience.substack.com/p/series-annou… (5/5)Image

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More from @ZaidAbuHurayra

Sep 6
So I recently read @Farid_0v's interesting book titled Why the Companions Converted to Islam, and set about to write a review.

It's a great, novel book in this genre, and I highly recommend people to buy a copy. Also listen to his discussion with brother @HATzortzis Hamza Tzortzis here: youtube.com/watch?v=viCWP8…

However, I realized I had so much material just on his first chapter—on the Qur'an's literary miracle—that I thought I should write a standalone article on that topic alone.

Read my 8000+ word essay on Why the Qur'an is a Literary Miracle: islamandscience.substack.com/p/why-is-the-q…

The essay not only surveys all the major arguments for the Qur'an's literary miracle/i'jaz/inimitability, but also provides references to many of the major works that have been written or translated in English. In this way, I hope this can serve not only as a standalone article, but also a database for folks who want to pursue this further.

Here are some of the key points, in brief. (1/3) 🧵Image
The essay surveys four arguments commonly proposed for the Qur'an being a literary miracle:

1. Argument from testimony: The Qur'an's earliest listeners, many of them accomplished poets, came to believe that the Qur'an has a supernatural or Divine origin immediately after they heard it recited.

2. Argument from literary precision: The Qur'an's choice of words, syntax, placement of verses and passages are all maximally precise. This ranges from subtle shifts of person or number within verses, to how verses are arranged within Suras or groups of Suras.

3. Argument from unique literary form: The Qur'an doesn't adhere to any of the forms of poetry and prose allowable in Arabic.

4. Argument from linguistic novelty: The Qur'an blithely and pervasively breaks all entrenched rules and conventions of Arabic grammar and rhetoric. But instead of seeming confused or incomprehensible, somehow the Qur'an perfectly coherent and eloquent.

[Pictured: some of the prominent proponents of these arguments in the English-speaking world. From the left: Hamza Tzortzis, Nouman Ali Khan, Sharif Randhawa, Raymond Farrin, Bassam Saeh]

[2/3]Image
Attached is a brief end-of-essay evaluation of these arguments.

A crucial thing to understand is the concept of a generic "miracle" might not be the same as the Qur'an's concept of "inimitability".

A miracle entails a violation or suspension of the laws of nature, while inimitability—the way the Qur'an's challenge verses define it—is an event that cannot be replicated by anyone, in any context, even with the collaboration of all of mankind and jinn. For reasons I go into in the essay, inimitability is a stronger claim than a miracle.

In my opinion, the literary precision of the Qur'an can constitute a miracle, but it falls short of meeting the Qur'an's criteria for inimitability. On the other hand, the argument from linguistic novelty—recently proposed by the Syrian scholar of Arabic, Bassam Saeh—seems a more promising route to explore.

[Incidentally, I don't think the argument from literary form, as popular as it is in some circles, is remotely convincing—sorry] [3/3]Image
Read 4 tweets
Aug 28
So quick reminder: We're living in the year 2025, and by now Muslim and Christian researchers have developed more than one promising ways of reconciling what scripture and science has to say about human origins.

Yes, that means taking scripture literally—humanity as we knew it came from Adam and Eve, who were created miraculously.

Let's take a tour. (1/8)
The Christian philosopher William Lane Craig proposed a model of human origins according to which Adam was created around 750,000 years ago. According to this view, not only Homo sapiens, but the Neandertals, Denisovans, and their immediate common ancestor species are all children of Adam.

To defend this view, Craig marshals a massive body of scientific research showing these other hominids had unmistakable signs of humanity—complex culture, language, clothing, interbreeding with modern humans, basically everything that comes to mind when you think of humans.

You can read the second part of this book to know more about his view, or watch the interview he had with our dear brother Paul Williams @freemonotheist: youtu.be/RCBG4Bx9HEI?si…. (2/8)Image
Keep in mind, this view of Neandertals being fully human is a mainstream one accepted by scientists, not crackpot pseudoscience. You can read, for example, the 2013 paper by Dediu and Stevenson for a concise survey of the evidence, or their 2018 update to the paper where they incorporate the more recent data.

For a non-technical survey of the complex and rich lives led by Neandertals, you can also watch this great documentary by North02: youtube.com/watch?v=2doP_3… (3/8)Image
Read 8 tweets
Aug 27
This brother—MashaAllah—has been focused on something very few Muslim du'at or apologists have been paying attention to: making a positive case for Islam.

For whatever reason, Islamic apologetics these days is almost exclusively about defending Islam against objections. That's certainly important, but it's equally—if not more—important to furnish positive reasons for believing in its truth claims. Just read the Qur'an and you'll find so many passages of God not just defending His religion and Prophet, but also making a positive case for why Islam is true.

Brother Abdullah Amin deserves credit for reviving this tack. This is a thread on some of my reflections about the argument he makes here.
The argument here is that Islam is true, not because of its miracles or the historical facts surrounding its origin, but because of its content.

Specifically, because of Islam's unique emphasis on monotheism. This is an argument very popular among the lay Muslims—you'll hear this from the minbar all the time—but remains under-appreciated in conventional apologetics circles.

Here are two ways the argument can be reinforced further.
For one, and this applies to many arguments, not just this one: any project benefits from reviewing what has been written on it previously. Call to mind this quote by Newton. Image
Read 8 tweets

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