LiorLefineder Profile picture
Oct 13 5 tweets 2 min read Read on X
Germans accounted for 19% of the ministers in the Russian Empire, despite being around 1% of the empire's population.

Most of these Germans were 'Baltic Germans' incorporated into the empire during the conquests of the Great Northern War (1720). Only 80 years later, we already see that Germans have risen into positions of high prominence in the Committee of Ministers of Alexander I.Image
Detailed origin of ministers.
The other non-foreign non-Baltic German ministers are probably Volga Germans brought in by Catherine the Great.
"The six ministers of German descent were either two or three generations removed from their families' immigration to the Russian Empire." Image
"If Russian nationalists impugned the loyalty of the German bureaucrats, the tsars themselves never did so, always stressing the faithfulness of their high German servants. 'The Russian Nobles serve the State, the German ones serve us,' declared Nicholas I." Image
Germans in the Russian Empire Image
"The Russian Committee of Ministers, 1802 to 1905 : a prosopographical study"
open.library.ubc.ca/soa/cIRcle/col…

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More from @lefineder

Oct 7
Linear B tablets mention Women taken as war captives from Anatolia, showing Mycenaean Greeks were raiding the region of Troy.
"These descriptions often use the word lawiaiai, ‘captives’, which is the same word used by Homer to describe women seized by Achilles."

Note that the Iliad begins with Achilles' rage about Agamemnon not handing him a captive woman (Briseis).Image
The Mycenaeans were very familiar with the coasts of West Asia, and many places there are referenced in Linear B tablets. Image
Text in the top tweet from: Image
Read 4 tweets
Oct 1
Greco-Roman writers were the first to use coordinates of latitude and longitude to map places, and the first to lay down geometrical treaties specifying how to project regions onto maps.
This transformed Geography from a mere itinerary, schematically displaying places, into a real science based on mathematical principles.

Ptolemy's Geography, written around 150 AD, gives the coordinates of 8,000 different places, on top of being a monumental achievement in pre-modern mapping, when these coordinates are compared to modern Greenwich coordinates, a tight correlation is seen (0.98) between the numbers, indicating a remarkable degree of accuracy.Image
Image
Comparison of Ptolemy’s longitudes and latitudes with real values.
ancientportsantiques.com/ancientmaps/cl…Image
This map displays the degree of deviation between Ptolemy's coordinates to the actual position of locations.
We can see that the furthest places from the centers of the Roman world are mapped less accurately. Image
Read 10 tweets
Sep 23
Jokes from the "Philogelos", the oldest surviving joke book (dated 4th century AD).🧵 Image
Image
208. Someone asks a cowardly boxer, ‘Whom do you have a fight with today?’ With a polite gesture in the direction of his opponent, he answers, ‘With that dear sweet gentleman over there.’
203. A fellow approaches a stupid prophet and asks if his enemy will come to town. The prophet responds that he’s not coming. But when the fellow learns a few days later that his enemy is actually in town now, the prophet remarks, ‘Yeah, the guy’s outrageous, isn’t he?’
Read 28 tweets
Sep 3
The share of rulers whose birth year is known can be used as a measure of the quality of recordkeeping in a given society at a particular time.
When the elite bureaucracy that produces and maintains historical records is poor, we get the names of rulers but not accurate numerical information, such as the year of their birth.

Statistical evidence for the previous statement can be seen in the fact that medieval European regions with a greater share of rulers with a known birth year have a higher per capita production of manuscripts and higher rates of numeracy among the elite( by looking at the degree of age heaping in their recorded ages).

Now, keeping all this in mind, let us look at the quality of recordkeeping since the start of the Roman Republic. 🧵Image
Image
Rulers in the time of the Roman Republic were the consuls. Due to various historical reasons, we have data on all Roman consuls, 737 people, serving between 509 BC - 31 BC.
The % of whose birth year is known by century can be extracted from the digital prospography of Rome. Image
We can see that record-keeping before 300 BC in the Roman Republic was extremely poor. This is something that is often attributed to the Celtic siege of Rome, 380 BC, but probably has more to do with low rates of literacy in Italic languages at the time.
Read 7 tweets
Jul 17
Late Bronze Age collapse in west Anatolia.
Number of archaeological sites in west Anatolia from the Late Bronze Age to the Iron Age, from 435 to 120. Image
Data from the Luwian site atlas
luwianstudies.org/siteatlas/adva…
Related to the Phrygian incursion into Anatolia.
Read 4 tweets
Jul 17
What Luwian hieroglyphics looked like.
Luwian was the main language spoken on the western coast of Anatolia in the Bronze Age, and was likely the language of Homeric Troy.
This inscription was found in Hattuša, the Capital of the Hittites. Image
Luwian was displaced by Lydian locals and Phrygian invaders during the LBA and early IA.
Read 4 tweets

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