Its puzzled me why 'financialisation' is a wishy-washy topic that has been relegated to heterodox economic schools but its obvious because 'financialisation' is not a purely economic process, but a political one as well.
Its because mainstream economists are intrinsically allergic to studying the political implications of their economic theories.
Sad. Because modern economics has all the analytic tools to explain the deleterious effects on political economy of 'financialisation'.
The starting point is understand the economic incentives of finance.
They make money from flow of financial transactions hence the incentive to collateralise as much of the real economy as the political system allows it.
Since the Industrial Revolution the fundamental political question is how to find a durable political equilibrium where you coopt merchants/capitalists with profit motive without letting them corrupt the state.
Before the Industrial Revolution the fundamental tensions in politics was between warriors (wielders of violence), priests (legitimisers of violence) and monarchs (controllers of violence).
Not sure I would agree with this specific characterisation but the point I've made time and again is ppl overindex on 'Communist' and underindex on 'Chinese' part of the CCP.
When ppl talk about ‘state capacity’ they’re focused on administrative state, taxation, and monopoly of violence but the missing piece from this Western-centric view is a moral component.
In Confucianism there is no greater virtue than public service and status follows from this
Assumption in Western governance is bureaucrats are no different than any individual with the same vices and without oversight ie law, officials will act corruptly