A thread about why I told a student no when she asked if we could “do something totally different” today and what that moment says about working memory, novelty, and the engagement trap many students and teachers fall into. 🧵1/10
A student asked me today:
“What are we doing in class?”
I said, “The usual.”
She paused. “Can we do something totally different for once?”
2/10
It was a fair question.
She wasn’t being difficult. She was voicing something many schools in the U.S. have accidentally trained students to expect: novelty and engagement=learning
But I told her no, and here’s why. 👇
3/10
Our working memory, the part of our mind that processes new information, is tiny.
When we change routines or formats too often, that precious mental space gets used up just figuring out what to do, not what to learn.
In other words, it makes learning harder not easier.
4/10
That’s why consistent structures and patterns matter.
When the “how” of class stays familiar, students can focus their attention on the “what” — the actual ideas, connections, and meaning.
Routine and predictability frees up cognition, the ability to think and reason.
5/10
Here’s the trap: teachers are often told to “keep things fresh” or “surprise them.” Even worse is we have come to believe it.
Sure, a little novelty can boost curiosity. But constant novelty? It drains attention, not fuels it.
It confuses interest with investment.
6/10
Yet students grow up in classrooms where every lesson looks different — escape rooms, games, gallery walks, new tech tools.
So they start to expect and even demand novelty. When they don’t get it, they think learning is “boring”.
Or worse—they can’t learn without it.
7/10
The result: teachers chase novelty to create what they, and their observers, don’t realize are poor proxies for learning.
This keeps students, teachers, and admin hooked on the form of learning, not the substance.
Everyone gets exhausted, and little knowledge sticks.
8/10
Engagement doesn’t come from constant change.
It comes from continued success. The feeling of “I get this.” The joy of learning.
Predictable routines create stability for learning to happen. Novelty brings unnecessary instability that makes it harder than it has to be.
9/10
So when my student asked to “do something different,” I smiled and said:
“No, because I want your brain to have room to think about new ideas, not new instructions.”
And that’s the kind of new and different that actually matters.
10/10
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🚨Making learning stick isn’t about cramming more in. It’s about how it’s sequenced. One of the most powerful ways I’ve found is sequencing my lessons using the elaboration theory model. This approach completely changed how I plan units and how students retain what they learn. 🧵
Elaboration theory, developed by Reigeluth, is built on a simple idea: start with a broad, meaningful overview of the content, called the epitome, then elaborate by adding more detail, depth, and complexity over time. In other words, we need to zoom out before we can zoom in.
Elaboration theory uses epitomes and summarizers to make learning stick. An epitome is a simple, overarching model students can keep in mind. Summarizers revisit key points at the end of a lesson or unit, reinforcing the connections between details and the epitome.
A major impact of cognitive science on my instruction is the lens through which I plan a lesson. Previously, I was always hyper-focused on the WHAT and a little bit of the HOW. That’s flipped completely. When I create a lesson I’m now organically using 10 HOW questions…🧵👇
🎯How will I break new information into small chunks that naturally build cohesively?
🎯How will I activate necessary prior knowledge to effectively assimilate the new information?
🎯How will I establish a meaningful cognitive structure for new information to stick to?
🎯How will I maintain attention and energy during the presentation of new information?
🎯How will I provide opportunities for students to rehearse their understanding of the new information?
🎯How will I strategically check all students understanding of the new information?
As an experienced teacher, one of the most enriching parts of studying cognitive science is how it gives meaning and context to different situations I have seen play out in my classroom hundreds, if not thousands, of times over the years. For example, assimilation theory…👇🧵
One of these insights I recently came across: meaningful forgetting vs forgetting through interference depends on how well the new learning was initially assimilated. I’ve seen it play out so many times this way—Student A retains a “residue of the new meaning”, Student B doesn’t.
It makes me think about how effectively, or not, my instruction is at promoting high quality assimilation during the initial phases of learning a new concept and to what degree it supports students building real bodies of knowledge as opposed to islands of disconnected knowledge.
Unit 0: Learning How to Learn is done! I’m sharing the booklet with a few disclaimers. The booklet includes the following sections:
✔️Part 1: Memory
✔️Part 2: Retrieval Practice
✔️Part 3: Learning Myths
✔️Part 4: Metacognition
✔️Part 5: How Our Brains Learn
✔️Exam Revision Guide
Parts 1-5 each contain:
✅Essential question
✅Knowledge goal
✅Bullet-proof definition
✅Advance organizer
✅Vocabulary list
✅Short reading
✅Comprehension questions
✅Vocabulary practice
✅”Headlines” summary
✅Metacognitive reflection
✅Retrieval practice
✅Spaced practice
Important notes:
☑️The audience is 7th grade World Studies students.
☑️This is only the basic content of the unit delivered via explicit instruction.
☑️I will routinely utilize MWBs, CFU and CFL questions, cold calling, think-pair-share, choral response, etc. for rehearsal.
Terrific overview of what effective online teaching and learning looks like. Below are some of my takeaways and key questions to consider based on previous experience with online teaching.
Remember, online teaching isn’t reinventing the wheel. It’s about repurposing it.
“Online learning should never be an excuse to assign busy work, but rather to address clear engaging learning objectives.”
If Ss were in your brick and mortar classroom, would they still be doing this assignment? Is the meaning and value of it something Ss know and can express?
“It’s important to design learning that does not require a lot of support from parents who might already be overwhelmed.”
Is this a task or skill known to Ss which they have used previously in multiple settings? Is it a part of your existing classroom procedures and routines?