Herbert Hoover popularized the phrase “rugged individualism” in 1928 as a warning against state collectivism. Nearly a century of history has helped illustrate what he meant. @HooverInst.
"We were challenged with a peace-time choice between the American system of rugged individualism and a European philosophy of ... doctrines of paternalism and state socialism. The acceptance of these ideas would have meant the destruction of self-government through centralization of government. It would have meant the undermining of the individual initiative and enterprise through which our people have grown to unparalleled greatness."
- Herbert Hoover (October 22, 1928) teachingamericanhistory.org/document/rugge…
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1/ Many reports on people leaving California for TX, FL, etc. My recent working paper papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf… using administrative tax data takes a deep dive on California's loss of high earners, who actually left during Covid, and what the economic costs are. [THREAD]
2/ Earlier paper w Ryan Shyu papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf… documented the spike in high-income departures in 2013 around Proposition 30.
3/ New paper papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf… shows steady increases in out-migration in the late 2010s, another spike for the highest earners in 2018 when SALT cap was lifted, and a massive spike around Covid.