The bacterial flagellum is a striking example of integrated biological teleology. The appearance of contrivance in such systems shouldn’t be seen as in explanatory competition with evolutionary biology.
Evolutionary mechanisms explain how structures like the rotor–stator complexes, hook, and filament can arise through cumulative selection and the reuse of functional subcomponents. However, this doesn’t eliminate the deeper question of why the natural world possesses the...
...law-governed regularities, physicochemical affordances, and convergent propensities that make such evolvable systems possible in the first place. The flagellar motor’s capacity to harness ion gradients to generate torque through conformational changes exemplifies...
...biological teleology as understood within evolutionary theory itself, where functions are real and indispensable to explanation. If the wider teleology of the cosmos that underwrites chemical bonding, protein folding, and energy transduction is plausibly interpreted within...
...a theistic framework, then the products of that teleology, including complex molecular machines, can reasonably be taken to provide some probabilistic support for a purposive account of reality. On this account, evolutionary explanation and design discourse operate at...
...different explanatory levels, and the success of natural selection doesn’t render purposive interpretation superfluous but reframes it as grounded in the deeper conditions that make an evolutionary biosphere intelligible at all.
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The video argues that Muhammad’s message is best explained as a human product shaped by earlier religious traditions and historical circumstances, not divine revelation. It presents internal textual and historical considerations to support that conclusion.
I'll give a brief historiographical critique of controversial claims presented in the polemical video on early Islam. The disputed narratives are evaluated using methods of source criticism, transmission analysis, and historical contextualization. archive.org/details/encycl…
First revelation and suicide reports
Reports that Muhammad contemplated self-harm after the initial revelations appear in some sīra and hadith recensions, with notable isnād variation and non-uniform attestation across early transmission strata.
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Here is a thread on what the vast majority of critical biblical scholars and historians agree on regarding slavery in the Bible, stated carefully and without polemics.🧵
Slavery in the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament)
The Hebrew Bible presupposes the existence of slavery as a normal institution of the ancient Near East. It doesn’t abolish slavery, and it does regulate it.
At the same time, scholars note several crucial clarifications.
First, the biblical laws distinguish between different forms of servitude. Debt servitude of fellow Israelites functioned as a form of time-limited indenture tied to economic obligation.
D.D., let’s go claim by claim, because precision matters. What you’re presenting looks rhetorically forceful, but it collapses under scrutiny once the data and logic are actually examined.🧵
You triumphantly seize on alignment gaps as though they disprove common ancestry. But in comparative genomics, unalignable regions (repetitive DNA, structural rearrangements, transposon insertions) are expected.
They don’t mean “15% of our DNA is alien.” Instead, they reflect differences in genome architecture layered atop a deep shared framework. Even with those regions counted, coding sequences and conserved regulatory regions remain overwhelmingly similar.
This creationist claimed that humans and chimpanzees are not evolutionarily related. Here's a rebuttal of his anti-evolution claims on human–chimpanzee relatedness.🧵
He cites purported genetic dissimilarity, mutation-rate constraints (“waiting time” problems), Y-chromosome divergence, and the origin of new genes as evidence against human–chimp common ancestry. He asserts that any genomic similarity could just as well indicate a...
...common designer, employing probabilistic arguments to cast doubt on evolutionary mechanisms.
I offer a comprehensive rebuttal of those claims on scientific, philosophical, and theological grounds. First, I examine the scientific evidence, addressing each...
The claim that orphan genes contradict evolution rests on a misunderstanding of biology and on a theologically flawed assumption about how God creates. Orphan genes, defined as genes without recognizable homologues in other lineages, aren't evidence of special creation.🧵
They are best understood as products of limited detection and ongoing innovation. As new genomes are sequenced and analytical methods improve, many supposed orphans are reclassified. For example, genes once thought unique to yeast have later been shown to have faint homology...
...to other fungi using more sensitive profile-based methods. This is not a collapse of evolutionary theory but an expected feature of research, in which mysteries prompt discovery. Theologically, this openness to further discovery reflects Augustine’s teaching that God...
Bridges’ critique of Darwinian, neo-Darwinian, and post-Darwinian paradigms relies on selective framing, mischaracterization of scientific concepts, and speculative alternatives that lack evidential grounding. 🧵
His “mosaic with 85% missing” metaphor for the fossil record trades on the rarity of fossilization but ignores how evolutionary history is reconstructed through consilient and independent lines of evidence.
Stratigraphy, radiometric dating, comparative anatomy, developmental biology, biogeography, and especially molecular phylogenetics all converge on the same branching patterns. Phylogenetic reconstructions are not arbitrary “painting in” of gaps but...