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Genetic engineering can be used to transfigure human stem cells and study infectious diseases, genetic disorders, and cancers. Human organoids are 3D culture systems derived from stem cells. 
Organoid models allow standard conformation because they came from cell sources that can be expanded over time. With recombinant DNA technology, the possibility to recreate the architecture and physiology of organs in the human body with remarkable detail heightened.
It provides scientific opportunities to unravel scientific studies regarding human diseases that are not yet explored, as well as complement animal models, to understand diseases without actually affecting public health.
Gene therapy is a technique that uses genes to treat or prevent disease in individuals. Instead of using drugs or surgery, a disease is treated by inserting, replacing, or inactivating a particular gene in the patient’s cells.
One of the main focuses of this technique is the optimization of delivery vehicles such as plasmids, nanostructures, and viruses. Improvements in vector engineering, delivery, and safety have placed viral vectors as the preferred medium for gene therapy.
These viral vectors are used to treat a wide spectrum of diseases such as metabolic, cardiovascular, muscular, hematologic, ophthalmologic, and infections diseases, as well as different types of cancers.
