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From the 1920s until early 1950s, Soviet linguistics was dominated by Nikolai Marr (1864-1934). His teaching, known as Marrism, was the linguistic adaptation of the Marxist materialist principles and represented the official linguistic policy in the Soviet Union.
1/7 #Histlx
1/7 #Histlx
One aspect of Marrism was the so-called Japhetic Theory. Following Marr, a pre-Indo-European substrate of Japhetic languages, based on four syllabic exclamations "sal", "ber", "yon", and "rosh", had existed in Europe before the Indo-European languages arrived.
2/7 #Histlx
2/7 #Histlx
Another aspect of Marrism was its linguistic view of the international class consciousness and class struggle. Marr claimed that different classes within one language community are linguistically further apart than the same classes in different language communities.
3/7 #Histlx
3/7 #Histlx
Today marks the 117th anniversary of the first World Esperanto Congress that took place in Boulogne-sur-Mer in 1905. We use this opportunity to take a look at the international language movement leading to this congress and contrast it with later conlang projects.
#Histlx 1/10
#Histlx 1/10
The aim of the movement was the adoption of a common medium (based on natural languages, but improved) to achieve progress and peace. The movement begins with Volapük (1879), ends with Interlingua (1951), but contains also Latino sine flexione, Ido, Novial or Basic.
#Histlx 2/10
#Histlx 2/10
Volapük or 'World-Language', created by Johann Martin Schleyer (1831-1912), was the first international language to actually win any relevant number of users (almost 2 million in 1889). The project lost its relevance after a schism concerning some reform proposals.
#Histlx 3/10
#Histlx 3/10
In his Syntactic Structures (1957: 15), Noam Chomsky showed the independence of grammar by referring to the meaningless, yet grammatically well-formed (and famous) utterance below.
👉 Colorless green ideas sleep furiously
He was however not the first one to do that. 1/8
#histlx
👉 Colorless green ideas sleep furiously
He was however not the first one to do that. 1/8
#histlx
Similarly, Lucien Tesnière (1893-1954) used the French sentence below as evidence for the independence of semantics and (syntactical and morphological) well-formedness.
👉 Le silence vertébral indispose la voile licite 'The vertebral silence indisposes the licit sail'
2/8
👉 Le silence vertébral indispose la voile licite 'The vertebral silence indisposes the licit sail'
2/8
Rudolf Carnap (1891-1970), in "Logische Syntax der Sprache" (1934: 2), also showed that even a meaningless sentence such as the one below is well-formed on the phonological, syntactic and on the morphological level.
👉 Piroten karulieren elatisch 'Pirots karulize elatically'
3/8
👉 Piroten karulieren elatisch 'Pirots karulize elatically'
3/8
