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In the 13th Century AD, the Tatars committed a great aggression against the Muslims on the Muslim lands, and as a result, the Caliph was killed, & 3/4 of the Muslim lands, including the capital Baghdad, came under the control of the Tatars.
In the 13th Century AD, the Tatars committed a great aggression against the Muslims on the Muslim lands, and as a result, the Caliph was killed, & 3/4 of the Muslim lands, including the capital Baghdad, came under the control of the Tatars.
At the Battle of Ain Jalut, he may have also been the first person to use explosive hand cannons in combat. The Mongol defeat set the stage for their subsequent withdrawal & then Conversion to Islam. The Battle was seminal as it protected both the Islamic world and Europe. 
In these testing times, a great leader emerged. "Fatih Sultan" Mahmud Saif al-Din Qutz & the battle he won is known as "Ain Jalut". He was ably supported by his lieutenant Ruknuddin Baybars, who played a heroic role in implementing the war tactics of Mongols on themselves.
