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Dogs with flat faces (like pugs, bulldogs, etc) have been selectively bred over a relatively short time frame to have extreme features. This has resulted in much less space to try and contain the same anatomy as a dog with a regular muzzle length [image: CRUFFA @JemimaHarrison] 
The result of breeding dogs/cats/rabbits with extremely flat faces is that they can experience significant breathing, dental, eye & skin issues. The anatomy just doesn’t fit in reduced skull/muzzle. Breathlessness is a serious #animalwelfare issue, well documented & understood
See tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.108… @MasseyUni also journals.plos.org/plosone/articl… @DogsbodyRVC @RoyalVetCollege - many others. A large issue is that although we understand the problem & solution (breed selectively for longer muzzles) the problem persists #animalwelfare #science #brachcephaly
